Physcial Ed. CBA

Aerobic activity

Any sustained exercise that stimulates and strengthens the heart and lungs, thereby improving the body’s use of oxygen. Examples include jogging, rowing, swimming, or cycling.

Aerobic capacity

The maximum rate at which the body or an individual muscle can take up and use oxygen from the air; also known as maximal oxygen consumption (uptake) or VO2max.

Agility

The ability to change body position quickly and to control one’s physical movements.

Anaerobic activity

Any short-duration exercise that is powered primarily by metabolic pathways that do not use oxygen. Examples include sprinting and weight lifting.

Artistic gymnastics

A discipline in which gymnasts perform short routines on different apparatus, which may include the balance beam, vault, bars, and floor.

Balance

The ability to keep an upright posture while stationary or moving.

Balance and control skills

The ability to control the movement of the body while stationary or moving.

Base of support

An area defined by the parts of the body and any assistive devices, such as canes or crutches, that are in contact with the support surface.

Biomechanical principles

Principles related to the study of physical forces. An understanding of these principles can help one move efficiently and avoid injury.

Body composition

All of the tissues that together make up the body: bone, muscle, skin, fat, and body organs.

Body systems

Groups of organs that work together to accomplish a specific physical or biological task.

Cardiovascular system

The heart, blood vessels, and blood, which provide oxygen and nutrients to the body.

Digestive system

The organs and glands responsible for ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food.

Endocrine system

The glands that produce hormones, regulating metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, and more.

Immune system

The system that protects against infections and other foreign substances, cells, and tissues.

Muscular system

The skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles that support movement, maintain posture, circulate blood, and perform other functions.

Nervous system

A complex communication system that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.

Reproductive system

The organs and glands in the body that aid in procreation.

Respiratory system

The airways and passages that bring air, including oxygen, from outside the body into the lungs.

Skeletal system

The framework of the body, consisting of bones and connective tissues that protect and support body tissues and internal organs.

Bones

Major bones of the body include the cranium, clavicle, sternum, vertebra, ribs, pelvis, humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.

Borg rating

The measurement of intensity of physical activity based on exertion.

Cardiorespiratory endurance

The efficiency of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to send fuel and oxygen to the body’s tissues during extended periods of moderate-to-vigorous activity.

Competency

One’s ability, skill, and knowledge to perform a task.

Complex motor activities

Activities that involve more than one skill.

Complex motor skills

Skills made up of two or more skills, such as hopping and skipping or throwing and catching.

Complex movement sequences

Movements that require a combination of motor skills.

Components of health-related fitness

Aspects of physical fitness that help one stay healthy, including body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular endurance, and muscular strength.

Body composition

All of the tissues that make up the body: bone, muscle, skin, fat, and body organs.

Cardiorespiratory endurance

The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to use and send fuel and oxygen to tissues during long periods of moderate-to-vigorous activity.

Flexibility

The ability to move joints through a full range of motion.

Muscular endurance

The ability of muscles to perform physical tasks over time without becoming fatigued.

Muscular strength

The amount of force a muscle can exert.

Components of skill-related fitness

Aspects of physical fitness that help perform well in sports and activities requiring certain physical skills, including agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.

Agility

The ability to change body position quickly and to control one's physical movements.

Balance

The ability to keep an upright posture while stationary or moving.

Coordination

The ability to use senses together with body parts, or to use two or more body parts together.

Power

The ability to use strength quickly.

Reaction time

The ability to react or respond quickly to what one hears, sees, or feels.

Speed

The ability to perform a movement or cover a distance in a short period of time.

Concepts of direction

Forward, backward, left, right, clockwise, counter-clockwise, up, down, over, under, and through.

Concepts of effort

Exertion of physical or mental power in activities.

Concepts of levels

Low, medium, and high.

Concepts of pathways

Zigzag, straight, and curved movement.

Concepts of relationships

The position of the performer related to equipment or other performers.

Concepts of spatial awareness

The location of objects in relation to one's own body.

Diminishing return

In physical activity, the point where the body takes on more harm than benefit.

Defense

A means or method of defending or protecting.

Dynamic and cooperative situations

Situations where individuals use teamwork to overcome challenges.

Dynamic balance

Balance while moving or the ability to balance under changing conditions of body movement.

Dynamic environment

Changing surroundings in which one navigates.

Dynamic stretching

A form of stretching using movement momentum to extend muscles within safe limits.

Eccentric action

An action causing a muscle to elongate in response to a greater opposing force.

Educational gymnastics

A discipline emphasizing body management and problem-solving through stunts, balances, and poses.

Emerging pattern

The beginning stage of acquiring motor skills and knowledge.

Etiquette

Rules governing socially acceptable behavior.

Field/striking games

Games where one team occupies field positions while the other team scores by batting/striking an object into open space to run between bases/wickets.

Fitness assessment protocol

A set of directions accompanying a fitness assessment program.

Fitness log

A notebook used to record fitness activities.

FITT principle

A formula for determining physical activity: Frequency (how often), Intensity (how hard), Time (duration), Type (activity choice).

Fleeing

Traveling quickly away from a pursuing person or object.

Fleer

Someone who travels quickly away from a pursuer.

Flexibility

The ability to move joints through their full range of motion.

Food label

Nutrition information on food packaging showing servings, calories, and nutrients per serving.

Force

The effort or tension generated in movement.

Fundamental motor skills

Basic movement patterns that form the foundation for more complex skills used in sports and activities.

General space

All area outside personal space, such as a classroom, field, or gym.

Health and fitness plan

A maintenance/improvement plan evaluating current fitness levels and health behaviors.

Implement

A device used to perform a task.

Increasingly complex activities

Activities that progressively increase in difficulty.

Indicators of health

Physical, mental, emotional, and social health markers.

Individual-performance activities

Activities performed without teamwork (e.g., gymnastics, track, skateboarding).

Intrinsic motivation

Internal drive to seek challenges based on personal interest/enjoyment rather than external rewards.

Invasion games

Games where teams score by moving an object into opponent's territory to shoot or cross a target line.

Inverted balance

Sustained balance (≈3 sec) with head below the body.

Isokinetic

Of or relating to muscular action with a constant rate of movement.

Isometric exercise

An action in which a muscle generates tension without changing length.

Isotonic contraction

An action in which tension remains constant, despite a change in muscle length.

Lifetime activity

An activity suitable for participation at any time across the life span.

Leading pass

A throw where the object is thrown ahead of the receiver so they can catch it while moving.

Lead-up activity

An activity designed to limit the number of skills needed for successful participation.

Lead-up game

A game designed to limit the number of skills needed for successful participation.

Level

A measure of body position relative to floor/apparatus or object position relative to body (high, low, etc.).

Locomotor

Movement that transports the body from one place to another (walk, run, jump, hop, etc.).

Manipulative

An object designed to be moved by hand to develop motor skills.

Manipulative skills

Skills for controlling objects (kicking, throwing, catching, dribbling, etc.).

Mature form

Performance of a skill's critical elements in smooth, continuous motion.

Mature pattern

Efficient execution of a skill's critical elements in authentic environments.

Modified games

Small-sided games with rule modifications to emphasize specific skills.

Motor skills

Actions involving muscle movement, divided into gross (large) and fine (small) motor skills.

Motor skill combinations

Actions combining two or more different motor skills (gross and fine).

Movement concepts

Space, pathways, levels, relationships, speed, direction, and force in movement.

Muscular endurance

The ability of muscles to perform tasks over time without fatigue.

Muscular strength

The amount of force a muscle can exert.

Muscles

Major muscles include abdominals, biceps, triceps, pectorals, hamstrings, quadriceps, gluteals, gastrocnemius, and trapezius.

MyPlate

A food guidance system translating nutritional recommendations into daily food choices.

Newton's First Law

An object remains at rest or in constant motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Newton's Second Law

Force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma).

Newton's Third Law

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Nonlocomotor

Movement without traveling (bend, twist, stretch, push, pull, etc.).