Learn: Biology: Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Cell Structures Quiz

1. Based on the Hershey-Chase experiment, which of the following types of molecules did the bacteriophages most likely inject into the bacteria cells?

(C) DNA

2. Which of the following best explains the reaction represented in Figure 1?

(A) It is a dehydration synthesis reaction involved in the formation of a polypeptide

3. Atypical bag of fertilizer contains high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Which of the following best matches the fertilizer component with the molecule in which it will be incorporated by organisms in the area?

(A) Nitrogen will be incorporated into nucleic acids

4. Which of the following best describes the effect of a greater number of cysteine amino acids on the stability of the proteins?

(B) The change leads to increased protein stability because of an increased number of S-S bonds in the tertiary structure of the proteins

5. Amylase is an enzyme that converts carbohydrate polymers into monomers. Glycogen synthase is one of the enzymes involved in converting carbohydrate monomers into polymers. Which of the following best explains the reactions of these enzymes?

(C) Amylase aids in the addition of a water molecule to break covalent bonds whereas glycogen synthase aids in the removal of a water molecule to form covalent bonds

6. Which of the following best supports the researcher's claim?

(B) Guanine-cytosine pairs denature at a higher temperature because they have more hydrogen bonds between them than adenine-thymine pairs do

7. Which part of the amino acid most likely contributes to the hydrophobic behavior of this region of the polypeptide?

Answer: (C) Methyl CH3 group

8. Which of the following best describes a characteristic of phospholipids?

(D) They have polar and nonpolar regions

9. Which of the following best explains how water is able to move upward from the roots of a plant, through its xylem in the stem, and out to the leaves?

(D) Water and the xylem are both polar. Water molecules have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with each other and with the walls of the xylem

10. Which of the following is most directly responsible for water's unique properties?

(D) It forms hydrogen bonds

11. Which of the following graphs best illustrates a likely result of the experiment?

(B) Graph showing a decrease in nucleic acids while other organic compounds remain unchanged

12. Which of the following questions can best be answered by the experiment represented in the figure?

(A) Does the diameter of the tube affect the adhesion and cohesion of water molecules?

The synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polymers always produces which of the following as a byproduct?

(E) Water

14. Which feature of the molecule, shown in the model, defines it as a monomer of RNA and not DNA?

(D) The molecule contains ribose

15. Which of the following best describes the effect the chemical has on the structure of the protein?

(B) The secondary structure held together by hydrogen bonds is affected

16. Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in Table 1?

(D) Sample D contains nucleic acids

17. Based on Figure 1, the amino acids in region A are most likely to have which of the following characteristics?

(A) Most amino acids will be hydrophobic because they interact most favorably with the phospholipid tails

18. Which of the following most likely explains how the amino acid substitution has resulted in decreased catalytic activity by the mutated enzyme?

(B) The substitution altered the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme so that the mutated enzyme folds into a different shape than the normal enzyme does

21. If 30% of the nucleotides in a single-stranded RNA molecule are adenine, then what percent are expected to be thymine?

(A) 0%

22. A feature of organic compounds NOT found in inorganic compounds is the presence of

(C) carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other

23. Which of the following is one way in which these two segments would differ?

(C) Segment 1 would become denatured at a lower temperature than would segment 2 because A-T base pairs have two hydrogen bonds whereas G-C base pairs have three