Lecture 1: Introduction to Planet Earth (OCEA 101 – Oceanography)

The additional ocean that covers the southern portions of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian is the __ Ocean.

Southern

The Pacific Ocean is the __ ocean on Earth.

largest

The Arctic Ocean is the __ ocean.

shallowest

The oceans cover about __ percent of the Earth's surface.

70

The average depth of the world ocean is about __ meters.

3682

The deepest point in the world ocean is the __ Trench.

Mariana

Mean ocean crust thickness is about __ kilometers.

6.5

The total volume of the world ocean is about __ cubic kilometers.

1,303,155,354

The ocean produces over half of the world's __.

oxygen

The ocean stores 50 times more __ than our atmosphere.

carbon dioxide

According to the nebular hypothesis, the solar system formed from a huge cloud of gas and space dust called a __.

nebula

The Sun, composed of hydrogen and helium, emits large amounts of energy from __.

fusion

A second atmosphere was expelled from inside Earth by the process called __.

outgassing

Water vapor condensed into clouds and liquid water fell to Earth’s surface, where it accumulated to form the __.

oceans

The age of Earth is approximately __ billion years.

4.5

Stanley Miller’s experiment showed that ultraviolet radiation and simple molecules from the oceans may have combined to produce organic molecules such as __.

amino acids

Early life included heterotrophs, which cannot make their own food. These are called __.

heterotrophs

Autotrophs evolved that could make their own food through __.

chemosynthesis

Photosynthetic organisms altered the environment by releasing free __ into the atmosphere.

oxygen

The Geologic Time Scale was initially based on major extinction episodes recorded in the __.

fossil record

The Vikings explored the Atlantic and established settlements in Iceland, Greenland, and parts of North America. The blank is filled by the _.

Vikings

During the Age of Discovery, the first circumnavigation of the globe is attributed to _.

Ferdinand Magellan

The Phoenicians are known for developing navigation and circumnavigating