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mr.chen module 16
17 Terms
1
Learning
A comparison of permanent change in behaviors due to experience.
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2
Classical conditioning
Type of learning where a stimulus (environment) gains power to cause a response (behavior/reactions).
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3
Behaviorism (John Watson)
Field of classical conditioning where it believes that psychology should only be studying observable behaviors, and not mental processes.
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4
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Stimulus that creates a response automatically, and reflexively.
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5
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
The automatic/reflexive response that isn't conditioned or learned to the unconditioned stimulus.
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6
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Stimulus that started as a neutral stimulus, but was learned and conditioned from experience that gained the power to cause a conditioned response.
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7
Conditioned Response (CR)
Response to the conditioned stimulus.
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8
Ivan Pavlov
Russian physiologist who created classical conditioning from his experiments on the digestive system of dogs.
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9
Acquisition
Process of developing a conditioned response (CR) from a previously neutral stimulus (CS).
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10
Extinction
The removal of a learned/conditioned response from the continuation presentation of conditioned stimulus, with the unconditioned stimulus.
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11
Spontaneous recovery
Reappearance from a long rest period of an extinguished conditioned response.
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12
Generalization
Process where an individual experiences the same response from 2 similar stimuli.
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13
Discrimination
Process where an individual experiences different response from 2 similar stimuli.
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14
Little Albert (John Watson's experiment)
Determined if fear was a conditioned/unconditioned response, and experimented on baby (Little Albert) to see if was scared of white rats.
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15
Taste Aversion
Individuals become classically conditioned to avoid certain tastes because they are associated with nausea/sickness.
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16
Robert Rescorla
Researches the importance of cognitive processes in classical conditioning, and founded out how subjects had to think if the conditioned stimulus was a reliable predictor of the unconditioned stimulus.
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17
Biological Perspective
Humans are more likely to learn things that affect our survival and avoid threats that our ancestors would face.
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