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What are modal verbs?
Modal verbs are verbs that express whether someone kann, muss, will, darf, soll oder möchte (can, must, wants to, may/is allowed to, should or would like to) do something. They change the meaning of a second verb.
Example:
Ich kann Deutsch sprechen.
I can speak German.
When do you use modal verbs?
You use modal verbs
when you talk about abilities.
when you talk about obligations.
when you ask for or give permission.
when you express wishes.
when you give advice.
when you say what someone should do.
Why do you use modal verbs?
Modal verbs help you express more precisely how an action is meant.
For example:
I swim.
= I swim.
I can swim.
= I have the ability to swim.
I must swim.
= It is necessary.
I want to swim.
= It is my wish.
Zum Beispiel:
Ich schwimme.
= Ich schwimme.
Ich kann schwimmen.
= Ich habe die Fähigkeit zu schwimmen.
Ich muss schwimmen.
= Es ist notwendig.
Ich will schwimmen.
= Es ist mein Wunsch.
How do you form sentences with modal verbs?
A sentence with a modal verb consists of:
Subject + conjugated modal verb + rest of the sentence + infinitive
The modal verb is in position 2.
The second verb always goes at the end.
Example:
Ich kann heute nicht kommen.
I cannot come today.
Die wichtigsten Modalverben
können = eine Fähigkeit haben
müssen = etwas ist notwendig
wollen = einen Wunsch haben
dürfen = Erlaubnis haben
sollen = einen Rat oder eine Anweisung bekommen
möchten = etwas höflich wünschen
The most important modal verbs
können = to be able to / can
müssen = must / have to
wollen = to want to
dürfen = may / to be allowed to
sollen = should / to be supposed to
möchten = would like to
Word order
The modal verb is conjugated.
The second verb stays in the infinitive and goes to the end of the sentence.
Examples:
Ich muss heute arbeiten.
I have to work today.
Wir wollen morgen reisen.
We want to travel tomorrow.
Sie kann sehr gut kochen.
She can cook very well.
Easy rule
The modal verb is in position 2.
The second verb stays in the infinitive and goes at the end.
Ich kann schwimmen.
I can swim
Du musst lernen
You have to learn
Er will schlafen
He wants to sleep
Wir dürfen heute länger bleiben.
We are allowed to stay longer today.
Sie möchte einen Kaffee trinken.
She would like to drink a coffee.
Ich muss morgen früh zum Flughafen fahren.
I have to drive to the airport early tomorrow.
Wir wollen am Wochenende zusammen einen Film schauen.
We want to watch a movie together at the weekend
Sie kann zwei Sprachen sprechen.
She can speak two languages.
Du darfst dein neues Fahrrad heute benutzen
You are allowed to use your new bicycle today.
Er möchte später in Italien arbeiten
He would like to work in Italy later.