modal verben (modal verbs)

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Last updated 8:23 PM on 7/2/26
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17 Terms

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What are modal verbs?

Modal verbs are verbs that express whether someone kann, muss, will, darf, soll oder möchte (can, must, wants to, may/is allowed to, should or would like to) do something. They change the meaning of a second verb.

Example:

Ich kann Deutsch sprechen.

I can speak German.

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When do you use modal verbs?

You use modal verbs

  • when you talk about abilities.

  • when you talk about obligations.

  • when you ask for or give permission.

  • when you express wishes.

  • when you give advice.

  • when you say what someone should do.

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Why do you use modal verbs?

Modal verbs help you express more precisely how an action is meant.

For example:

I swim.
= I swim.

I can swim.
= I have the ability to swim.

I must swim.
= It is necessary.

I want to swim.
= It is my wish.

Zum Beispiel:

Ich schwimme.
= Ich schwimme.

Ich kann schwimmen.
= Ich habe die Fähigkeit zu schwimmen.

Ich muss schwimmen.
= Es ist notwendig.

Ich will schwimmen.
= Es ist mein Wunsch.

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How do you form sentences with modal verbs?

A sentence with a modal verb consists of:

Subject + conjugated modal verb + rest of the sentence + infinitive

The modal verb is in position 2.

The second verb always goes at the end.

Example:

Ich kann heute nicht kommen.

I cannot come today.

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Die wichtigsten Modalverben

  • können = eine Fähigkeit haben

  • müssen = etwas ist notwendig

  • wollen = einen Wunsch haben

  • dürfen = Erlaubnis haben

  • sollen = einen Rat oder eine Anweisung bekommen

  • möchten = etwas höflich wünschen

The most important modal verbs

  • können = to be able to / can

  • müssen = must / have to

  • wollen = to want to

  • dürfen = may / to be allowed to

  • sollen = should / to be supposed to

  • möchten = would like to

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Word order

The modal verb is conjugated.

The second verb stays in the infinitive and goes to the end of the sentence.

Examples:

Ich muss heute arbeiten.

I have to work today.

Wir wollen morgen reisen.

We want to travel tomorrow.

Sie kann sehr gut kochen.

She can cook very well.

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Easy rule

The modal verb is in position 2.

The second verb stays in the infinitive and goes at the end.

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Ich kann schwimmen.

I can swim

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Du musst lernen

You have to learn

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Er will schlafen

He wants to sleep

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Wir dürfen heute länger bleiben.

We are allowed to stay longer today.

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Sie möchte einen Kaffee trinken.

She would like to drink a coffee.

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Ich muss morgen früh zum Flughafen fahren.

I have to drive to the airport early tomorrow.

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Wir wollen am Wochenende zusammen einen Film schauen.

We want to watch a movie together at the weekend

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Sie kann zwei Sprachen sprechen.

She can speak two languages.

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Du darfst dein neues Fahrrad heute benutzen

You are allowed to use your new bicycle today.

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Er möchte später in Italien arbeiten

He would like to work in Italy later.