W9 - electron configuration

Flashcards about the first lecture of Molecules of Life, covering introductions, module information, and basic atom structure.

What elements are of major interest for life?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate, sulfur, sodium, potassium, chloride.

What did Ernest Rutherford's model of 1911 propose?

Determined that atoms have a positively charged nucleus and electrons whizzing around it.

What did the Bohr model by Niels Bohr of 1913 propose?

Determined that electrons move around the nucleus on defined energy levels.

What did the model by Schrodinger of 1926 propose?

Electrons can be matter or electromagnetic waves and introduced the concept of orbitals.

What is the charge of a cation?

Positively charged.

What is the charge of an anion?

Negatively charged.

How many protons does hydrogen have?

One proton.

What does the top number in the notation of an element indicate?

Particles in the nucleus, including protons and neutrons.

What are isotopes?

Same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

What is the electron configuration of hydrogen?

One electron in the first s orbital.

What shape is the s orbital?

A sphere.

How many protons and neutrons does helium have?

Two protons and two neutrons.

How do the sizes of sequential s orbitals compare?

Spheres within spheres, with increasing size.

How many protons and electrons does carbon have?

Six.

Describe the shape of p orbitals.

Dumbbells oriented in three dimensions.

Why does hybridization occur in carbon?

The energy levels of the 2s and 2p orbitals are very similar, leading to hybridization.

What orbitals are mixed in sp3 hybridization?

One s orbital and three p orbitals.

What shape do sp3 orbitals form?

Tetrahedral.