Chapter 26

Who was the infamous crusader against communism after World War II?

Joseph R. McCarthy

What was the peacetime military alliance created by the United States, Canada, and Western European countries to deter attacks from the Soviet Union?

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Which agency was established in the 1950s as a response to the Soviets launching Sputnik?

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration

In February 1948, while Congress debated the Marshall Plan, the Soviet Union was…?

staging a coup and installing a Communist regime in Czechoslovakia.

President Eisenhower viewed communism in Vietnam as…?

a force that had to be stopped before it spread to Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines.

Between 1955 and 1961, the United States spent $800 million in South Vietnam, most of it to…?

fund the South Vietnamese army.

Why was the Central Intelligence Agency established?

To gather information relevant to the national defense and to perform any functions and duties related to intelligence affecting the national security

How did the U.S. government respond to the fall of China's Nationalist government?

It refused to recognize the Communist government and aided the exiled Nationalists.

According to Map 26.1: The Division of Europe after World War II, which country was part of the Communist bloc?

Hungary

Who was the author of the 1946 rationale for the policy of containment?

Career diplomat George F. Kennan

In the post-World War II era, the term "third world" referred to Latin America and…?

countries that had won their independence from war-weakened imperial powers.

The panic over communism lasted beyond Truman's presidency and into which administration?

The Eisenhower administration

Secretary of State John Foster Dulles supported a foreign policy strategy of…?

going to the brink of war to halt the Soviets' efforts to extend their territory any farther.

What was the key to President Eisenhower's New Look in foreign policy?

Arming friendly nations and concentrating U.S. military power in nuclear weapons

What did Winston Churchill suggest about the Soviet Union in his iron curtain speech of 1946?

Its suppression of democracy in Eastern Europe had isolated those regions from the free world.

Who came to power in the Soviet Union following the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953?

Nikita Khrushchev

What allowed the United States to emerge from World War II as the most powerful nation in the world?

It had both a monopoly on atomic weapons and expanded production capacity.

How did President Truman respond to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 and 1949?

He ordered the airlifting of more than two million tons of goods to West Berliners.

In the 1950s, the CIA intervened in the internal affairs of which country?

Guatemala

What was one consequence of the Korean War?

A massive increase in U.S. defense spending

How did President Truman expand the power of the executive branch in the late 1950s?

By sending troops to Korea without asking Congress for an official declaration of war

How did the United States react to the Soviet Union's successful launch of Sputnik in 1957?

It passed legislation to support students in math, foreign languages, science, and technology.

What was the purpose of the National Security Act of 1947?

To unite all branches of the military under the secretary of defense

The purpose of the Eisenhower Doctrine was to…?

aid any Middle Eastern nation requesting assistance against armed aggression from any country controlled by international communism.

What triggered U.S. military action in Korea in 1950?

The invasion of South Korea by troops from North Korea

Why might the cartoonist of the image in the Visual Activity titled "The Red Scare" have included one of Franklin Roosevelt's four freedoms-the idea of "Freedom-From-Fear"?

Because Roosevelt's idea of "Freedom-From-Fear" was being infringed upon by the fear-mongering of McCarthyism

President Truman justified intervention in Korea by comparing events there to the crisis in which European nation?

Greece

When Hungarian freedom fighters mounted a revolt against the Soviet-controlled government of their country in 1956, the Eisenhower administration…?

did nothing, because Eisenhower was unwilling to risk American soldiers or possible nuclear war.

The military-industrial complex Eisenhower warned Americans about before he left office was…?

an ever-increasing demand for the military and defense contractors to produce new and powerful weapons.

Who did Eisenhower select as his running mate in the presidential election of 1952?

Richard M. Nixon