Essential exam RAAS flashcard

What is the chemical structure of Angiotensin II (Ang II)?

Protein (8 amino acids); Water-soluble.

Where is Angiotensin II primarily active?

In the blood.

What triggers the release of Angiotensin II?

Low blood pressure or sympathetic nervous system activity.

What are the primary target organs for Angiotensin II?

Blood vessels, kidneys, hypothalamus, adrenal cortex.

What is the net result of Angiotensin II's actions?

Increased blood pressure and increased blood volume.

What hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland?

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).

What is the chemical structure of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?

Protein (9 amino acids); Water-soluble.

What triggers the release of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?

Angiotensin II, increased blood osmolarity, decreased nerve signals from stretch receptors.

What are the primary target organs for Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?

Kidneys, blood vessels, third center in hypothalamus.

What is the net result of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) actions?

Increased retention of water, maintaining blood volume and pressure.

What condition occurs with too little ADH released?

Diabetes Insipidus.

What is the chemical structure of Aldosterone (ALDO)?

Steroid; Lipid-soluble.

Where is Aldosterone produced?

Adrenal cortex.

What primarily stimulates the release of Aldosterone?

Angiotensin II and increased potassium concentration in the blood.

What are the primary target organs for Aldosterone?

Kidneys.

What is the net result of Aldosterone's actions?

Maintenance of sodium and potassium levels, maintaining blood volume and pressure.

What condition occurs with too much Aldosterone?

Hyperaldosteronism.

What condition occurs with too little Aldosterone?

Hypoaldosteronism.

What is the chemical structure of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?

Protein (28 amino acids); Water-soluble.

Where is Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) produced?

In the atrial chambers of the heart.

What triggers the release of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?

Increased stretch of atrial wall due to high blood volume and pressure.

What are the primary target organs for Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?

Kidneys, blood vessels, hypothalamus, adrenal glands.

What is the net result of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) actions?

Increased urine output, decreased blood volume and pressure.

What hormone inhibits the release of Renin?

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP).

How does Angiotensin II affect blood vessels?

Causes vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.

How does Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) affect urine output?

Decreases water excreted in urine.

Which hormone stimulates thirst?

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).

How does Aldosterone affect potassium levels in the body?

Increases potassium excretion.

What effect does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) have on blood vessels?

Causes vasodilation to decrease vascular resistance.

How does Angiotensin II influence kidney function?

Reduces urine output by decreasing the filtration rate.

What is an effect of Aldosterone on sodium levels?

Decreases sodium excreted in urine.

What triggers the release of Aldosterone?

Angiotensin II and increased potassium concentration.

What hormone is responsible for powerful vasoconstriction and fluid retention?

Angiotensin II.

What role does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) play in blood pressure homeostasis?

Helps decrease blood pressure and volume by increasing urine output.

What is a potential disorder related to ADH regulation?

Diabetes Insipidus.

What effect does Angiotensin II have on blood pressure?

Increases blood pressure immediately.

What is the overall function of these hormones in the body?

To maintain stable fluid levels and blood pressure.