Understanding Memory and Working Memory Models

These flashcards cover the key concepts and models of memory as discussed in the lecture notes, highlighting definitions, differences between types of memory, and research findings.

What is memory?

involves processes for retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present.

What are the three types of memory in the modal model?

The three types of memory are sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM).

What is sensory memory?

the initial stage that holds all incoming information for seconds or fractions of a second.

How long does short-term memory hold information?

holds information for about 15 to 20 seconds.

What is the capacity range of short-term memory?

The capacity of short-term memory is typically between five to seven items.

What is rehearsal in memory processes?

a control process that keeps short-term memory active by mentally repeating information.

Describe the difference between proactive and retroactive interference.

Proactive interference occurs when old information interferes with new learning, while retroactive interference occurs when new learning interferes with remembering old information.

What is chunking in short-term memory?

refers to combining small units of information into larger meaningful units to increase memory capacity.

What are the components of Baddeley’s working memory model?

The components include the phonological loop, visuospatial sketch pad, and the central executive.

How does the phonological loop function?

holds verbal and auditory information and has a limited capacity, relying on rehearsal to prevent decay.

What is the function of the visuospatial sketch pad?

is responsible for creating and manipulating visual images in the mind.

What is the episodic buffer?

a component that communicates between long-term memory and working memory, with greater capacity than the phonological loop or visuospatial sketch pad.

How does the central executive operate in working memory?

acts as an attention controller, managing focus, switching attention, and suppressing irrelevant information.

What is the main limitation of short-term memory identified in research?

that STM is viewed primarily as a short-term storage mechanism, but it also involves dynamic processes like transferring information.