The Organ Systems 1-12

Main Organs and Functions

What is the main function of the integumentary system?

Protects the body, regulates body temperature, and provides sensory information.

What are the major organs of the integumentary system?

Skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails.

What does the skin do?

Protects the body and contains sensory receptors that detect information from the environment.

What do sweat glands do?

Produce sweat, which helps regulate body temperature.

What does hair do in the integumentary system?

Helps protect the body and contributes to sensory functions.

What is the main idea to remember about the integumentary system?

It is the body's protective covering or "armor."

What is the main function of the skeletal system?

Supports and protects the body, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.

What are the major organs/structures of the skeletal system?

Bones, cartilage, associated ligaments, and bone marrow.

What does the skeletal system provide?

Support and protection for the body.

How does the skeletal system protect the body?

Bones surround and protect important organs, such as the skull protecting the brain and the rib cage protecting the heart and lungs.

What does bone marrow do?

Red bone marrow produces blood cells.

What is bone marrow?

Soft tissue found inside bones.

What is red bone marrow?

Soft tissue inside certain bones that produces blood cells.

What blood cells are produced by red bone marrow?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

What do red blood cells do?

Carry oxygen.

What do white blood cells do?

Help defend the body against disease and infection.

What do platelets do?

Help blood clot.

What minerals are stored in bones?

Calcium and other minerals.

What is the main memory trick for the skeletal system?

Support + Protection + Mineral Storage + Blood Cell Production.

What is the main function of the muscular system?

Produces movement, provides support and protection, and generates heat.

What are the major structures of the muscular system?

Skeletal muscles and associated tendons.

How do skeletal muscles produce movement?

Muscles contract and pull on bones.

How do muscles help produce heat?

Muscle activity generates heat.

How do the skeletal and muscular systems work together?

Muscles pull on bones to produce body movement.

What is the main memory trick for the muscular system?

Muscles = MOVE + HEAT.

What is the main function of the nervous system?

Provides rapid communication, coordination, control, and sensory processing.

What are the major organs of the nervous system?

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sense organs.

What does the brain do?

Processes information and helps control and coordinate the body.

What does the spinal cord do?

Connects the brain with the peripheral nerves and helps transmit information.

What do peripheral nerves do?

Carry information between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.

What do sense organs do?

Receive information from the environment.

What kind of responses does the nervous system control?

Rapid or immediate responses.

What is the nervous system's main communication method?

Electrical/nerve signals.

What is the nervous system memory trick?

Brain = boss; spinal cord = highway; nerves = wires.

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

Uses hormones to regulate long-term processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction.

What are the major organs of the endocrine system?

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads, and endocrine tissues in other systems.

What are hormones?

Chemical messengers released by endocrine glands that travel through the blood to affect target cells or tissues.

What does the pituitary gland belong to?

The endocrine system.

What does the endocrine system control?

Long-term changes, metabolism, development, and other body processes through hormones.

How is the endocrine system different from the nervous system?

The nervous system mainly provides rapid signals, while the endocrine system uses hormones for generally slower, longer-lasting regulation.

What is the endocrine system memory trick?

Endocrine = hormone mail.

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

Transports materials throughout the body and helps regulate body temperature.

What are the major organs of the cardiovascular system?

Heart, blood, and blood vessels.

What does the heart do?

Pumps blood through the body.

What does blood transport?

Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste products, and carbon dioxide.

What do blood vessels do?

Provide pathways for blood to travel throughout the body.

How does the cardiovascular system help regulate body temperature?

Blood distributes heat throughout the body and helps move heat toward or away from the body's surface.

What is the cardiovascular system memory trick?

Heart = pump; blood vessels = roads; blood = delivery truck.

What does the cardiovascular system distribute?

Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste products, and carbon dioxide.

Which organ system contains the heart, blood, and blood vessels?

Cardiovascular system.

Which organ system contains bones, cartilage, ligaments, and bone marrow?

Skeletal system.

Which organ system contains the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sense organs?

Nervous system.

Which organ system contains skeletal muscles and tendons?

Muscular system.

Which organ system contains the skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails?

Integumentary system.

Which organ system contains the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, and gonads?

Endocrine system.

Which organ system produces blood cells?

Skeletal system, specifically red bone marrow.

Which organ system produces hormones?

Endocrine system.

Which organ system provides rapid communication and control?

Nervous system.

Which organ system transports oxygen and nutrients around the body?

Cardiovascular system.

Which organ system produces movement?

Muscular system.

Which organ system protects the body from the external environment?

Integumentary system.