Unit 3 flashcards (Periodic Table)

Columns

Columns

Groups on the periodic table. Tend to have the same amount of valence electrons.

Rows

Periods on the periodic table. Have the same amount of orbitals per atom.

Metals

On the left side of the staircase, Reactive, Ductile and Malleable, Usually good conductors, Usually solid at room temperature.

Nonmetals

On the right of the staircase. Brittle Not always solid at room temperature Some of them are diatomic Do not conduct electricity. (Groups 13-16)

Diatomic

Exist in pairs of atoms.

Metalloids

Touching the staircase. Can act like either a metal or a nonmetal depending on the conditions

Alkaline

Group 1, has one valence electron. Very reactive with water, and very soft.

Alkaline Earth

Group 2, has two valence electrons. Reactive with water, and also soft.

Transition Metals

Middle groups (3-12), random amounts of valence electrons. Traditional metals like copper, good conductors, and usually hard.

Halogens

Group 17, has seven valence electrons. Are usually gasses, and are diatomic

Noble Gasses

Group 18, has eight valence electrons. Are usually stale gases.

Stable

Non-reactive.

Atomic Radius

Radius of an atom. (Distance from the nucleus to its farthest orbital) Increases from Right to left, and up to down on the table.

Francinium (Fr)

Element with the biggest Atomic Radius.

Electronegativity

The attraction of an atom to electrons. This includes its own electrons (Makes Atomic Radius smaller by pulling the orbitals in). Increases from left to right, and bottom to top on the table. (Does not affect group 18).

Ionization Energy

The amount of energy for an atom to take another atom’s electrons. To become an Ion. Directly related to electronegativity. Increases from left to right, and bottom to top on the table. (Also does not include group 18)

Fluorine (F)

Element with most electronegativity, and Ionization energy.

Atomic Number

Number of Protons, and how the Periodic Table is organized.

Atomic Mass

The mass of all isotopes of an element (Below the symbol of an element on the periodic Table).

Reactive

Will interact with other elements and substances through chemical reactions.