social dimerison

Racial group:

a group that shares physical
characteristics.
• Not biological.
• No pure race groups. (Divisions appear to be cultural

Ethnic group

a group that shares cultural characteristics

Minority groups

Based on ascribed status.
• Share sense of in-group identity.
• Tend to be numerical minority (but not always ex/ S. Africa).
• *Have unequal access to social rewards

Assimilation (pluralism or multiculturalism).

Accept minority group into population with full and equala ccess to social rewards.

Segregation.

Accept minority group into the population
but do not give them access to social rewards.
• Separate. Formal through laws or informal through social
custom.
• Ex/ slavery. Indians of reservations.

Genocide

The selective extermination of a minority
group.
• Ex/ Nazi Germany

Prejudice

an attitude, usually negative, towards a group of people

Discrimination:

a behavior, usually negative, towards a group of people

Scapegoats

Individual's frustrations are blamed on an entire group
of people.
• Ex/ getting a job white guy and Mexican

Individual level

(psychological)

Social level

(sociological).

Stereotyping

attributing fixed and unfavorable qualities to an entire group.

Socialization.

Prejudicial attitudes are learned. Not born with
them. Learn to hate.
• All the agents of socialization.
• (labelling theory and self fulfilling prophecy)

Ethnocentrism.

The tendency to judge the practices of other cultures by the standards of your own culture

Formal (legal) discrimination.

Established by law.
• Ex/ American south. S. Africa.

Informal (institutionalized) discrimination

Based on social
custom. Part of social structure.
• Ex/ Housing on LI (leading). See mortgages
• Ex/ Health care. and maternal deaths.
• Ex/ Education, employment and income, Justice system (about 60% of prison are minorities)

White Americans

59% of population:

Latino Americans.

18% of population:

Black Americans.

13% of population

Conflict (generic conflict approach)

Who controls the resources (wealth, power, prestige).
• Wealth:. Minorities make 66% of what whites make (chart
p367, 2022 median family income).
• Power: (13% in house 11% in senate)

What is the ideology

racism

Sex

s based on biological characteristics

Gender

is based on cultural characteristics

Expressive role:

women's role, nurturer. Focus within family

Instrumental role:

man's role, breadwinner. Focus
outside family.

Conflict

Control of resources .• Wealth: Women are entering the job market more but are still paid less than men

full time working women made

76% of what full time working men made

Even in the same occupation

women will be paid less than men.

women in Power ( senate)

24%( 2022

women in Power (house)

28% (2022)

Ideology

sexism
Religious ideology to justify unequal treatment.

Sexism

the belief that one sex is better
than the other.

Patriarchy

men dominate and control society.• Biology or culture.

Feminism

The belief that men and women should be equal. (group)

Gerontology

subfield in sociology.

Conflict of age

Control of resources: 3 age groups, old, middle and young.• Child labor laws remove young people.• Retirement laws remove old.

Ideology of age

ageism

ageism

the belief that one age group is better than the others

Most likely to control the resources:

white, male,middle aged.

Least likely to control the resources

black, women,old.