Cellular Respiration Flashcards

Flashcards about the intermediate step, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

What is the intermediate step in cellular respiration?

A chemical process that converts pyruvate to allow it to enter the Krebs cycle.

What is pyruvic acid converted to during the intermediate step?

Acetyl CoA

How many molecules of acetyl CoA are produced from one glucose molecule?

Two

What is the byproduct produced during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

What electron carrier is produced during the intermediate step?

NADH

Where do the pyruvate molecules that enter the intermediate step come from?

The pyruvate molecules produced in glycolysis.

What happens to pyruvic acid during the intermediate step?

Pyruvic acid loses a carbon and hydrogens, then binds to coenzyme A.

What are the products of the intermediate step for each molecule of glucose?

Two CO2, two NADH, and two acetyl CoA.

What molecule is constantly recycled in the Krebs cycle?

A four-carbon chain that facilitates the Krebs cycle.

What is the name of the six-carbon chain formed when acetyl CoA joins the four-carbon chain in the Krebs cycle?

Citric acid

What is another name for the Krebs cycle?

Citric acid cycle

Which electron carrier strips away hydrogens and electrons from the six-carbon chain?

NADH

What byproduct is formed when a carbon breaks off from citric acid?

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

How is ATP produced during the Krebs cycle?

ADP binds to an inorganic phosphate to produce ATP.

What molecule removes remaining hydrogens to bring the molecule back to its stable four-carbon state?

FADH2

What are the electron carriers produced in total during the Krebs cycle from one molecule of glucose?

Six NADH and two FADH2

How is ATP produced in the electron transport chain?

Oxidative phosphorylation

Where does the electron transport chain occur in eukaryotes?

Inner membrane of the mitochondria

Where does the electron transport chain occur in bacteria?

Plasma membrane

What do electrons bind to as they move across the membrane in the electron transport chain?

Membrane-bound components

What creates electricity as they move across the membrane in the electron transport chain?

Electrons

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain for most organisms?

Oxygen

What happens if oxygen is not present in the electron transport chain?

Prevent the process from continuing.

What is an alternative final electron acceptor for some organisms?

Sulfur

What sort of environment are hydrogen ions building up in during the electron transport chain?

High concentration, creating an electrical charge.

What is the protein channel called that hydrogen ions zip through?

ATP synthase

Approximately how many ATP molecules are produced in the electron transport chain?

32 to 36 ATP

How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis?

Two ATP

How many ATP molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle?

Two ATP

What do electron carriers transport to the electron transport chain?

Electrons

How many NADH molecules are produced in glycolysis?

Two

How many NADH molecules are produced in the intermediate step?

Two

How many NADH molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle?

Six

How many FADH2 molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle?

Two

Which stage produces six NADH molecules?

Krebs cycle

In the electron transport chain, the hydrogen breaks off and becomes a hydrogen ion. Where do the electrons go?

The electrons bouncing down the chain.

How can you troubleshoot issues if you cannot remember where the molecules were made during these processes?

By closing your eyes and thinking about the steps.

How many molecules of CO2 are produced in the intermediate step?

Two

How many molecules of CO2 are produced in the Krebs Cycle?

Four

In which process is CO2 produced?

The Krebs Cycle

What is the role of Coenzyme A?

A coenzyme

What does the electron transport chain require to operate?

The ETC requires a plasma membrane.

What acts like one when creating ATP?

An enzyme

What is the purpose of ATP synthase?

It facilitates in the making of ATP.

What is an electron called in terms of the Uber analogy?

The passenger

What will electrons do after being dropped off in the plasma membrane?

They will bind to membrane bound components

Why are there two ATP molecules formed in kreb cycle?

ATP is formed due to leftover energy from the bonds of breaking molecules.

Which of the four stages makes the most ATP?

The electron transport chain.

Which components create the fuel for ATP?

NADH and FADH2

How many total molecules of CO2 are produced after both pyruvate molecules have cycled?

Four