MBI 445 - Chapter 2 - Bacterial Gene Expression: Transcription, Translation, Protein Folding, and Localization

central dogma

genes

transcribe

messenger RNA (mRNA)

ribosome

translated

codon

genetic code

tRNAs

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

anticodon

ribonucleotide triphosphate

upstream

downstream

primary structure

secondary structure

tertiary structure

noncovalent change

covalent bonds

RNA processing

RNA modification

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid)

RNA polymerase

core enzyme

holoenzyme

promoter

transcription start site

transcribes

template strand

transcribed strand

nontemplate strand

coding strand

promoters

transcription start site

consensus sequences

-10 sequence

-35 sequence

ribonucleoside triphosphate

transcription bubble

terminator

abortive initiation

promoter recognition or binding

isomerization

initiation complex

initial transcription complex

abortive initiation

promoter escape

transcription elongation complex

backtracks

transcription termination

factor independent (intrinsic) termination

factor-dependent termination

ribonucleases (RNases)

elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu)

half-life

Endoribonucleases

Exoribonucleases

peptide bonds

oligopeptide

polypeptide

amino terminus (N terminus)

N-terminal amino acid

carboxy terminus (C-terminus)

C-terminal amino acid

quaternary structure

multimeric proteins

homomultimer

heteromultimer

homodimer

heterodimer

disulfide bonds

ribosomal proteins

aminoacyl-tRNA(aa-tRNA)

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRSs)

initiation codon

reading frame of translation

zero frame

cognate aaRS

translational initiation regions (TIRs)

ribosome-binding sites (RBSs)

initiator tRNA

5’ untranslated region (5’-UTR)

leader region

Shine-Dalgarno (S-D) sequence

transformylase

ribosome cycle

decoding site

peptidyltransferase

translation elongation factor G (EF-G)

termination codons

stop codons

nonsense codons

3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR)

release factors

translational termination

ribosome release factor (RRF)

peptide deformylase

methionine aminopeptidase

transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA)