Biology - Cell Structure and Organs

Flashcards on cell organelles, structures, and their functions created from biology lecture notes.

Cell membrane

Structure that controls what enters and exits the cell.

Nucleus

Organelle that protects DNA and serves as the cell's control center.

Ribosomes

Structures that build polypeptides, which is how proteins are built.

Endomembrane System

A system in eukaryotes that includes the rough ER and smooth ER.

Rough ER

Endoplasmic reticulum covered by ribosomes that makes proteins.

Smooth ER

Endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes and assembles lipids and fats.

Golgi apparatus

Organelle that prepares products for export to leave the cell.

Lysosome

Organelle containing digestive enzymes used for recycling.

Mitochondria

Organelle that conducts cellular respiration to take energy and store it in ATP, making energy the cell can use.

Chloroplast

Plant organelle that carries out photosynthesis to build sugars (glucose).

Vacuole

Plant organelle used for storage.

Cell wall

Rigid protective wall found in plants, algae, and bacteria, but not in humans/animals because we move around.

DNA

Genetic material contained in all cells.