Medical Terminology: Endocrine System

function of endocrine system

group of glands act as body’s master regulator of chemicals that affect the entire body; hormone secretion

hypothalamus secretions

pituitary regulating hormones; either stimulate or inhibit pituitary secretions

neurohypophysis secretions

antidiuretic hormone (ADH), vasopressin, oxytocin, melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

hypothalamus functions

either stimulate or inhibit pituitary secretions

neurohypophysis functions

increase water reabsorption, stimulates uterine contractions and lactation, stimulates the production of melanin

adenohypophysis secretions

growth, somatotrophic, thyroid-stimulating,

adrenocorticotropic, follicle-stimulating, and

luteinizing and prolactin hormones

adenohypophysis functions

stimulates bone and muscle growth, regulates metabolic functions, stimulates thyroid gland and adrenal cortex, stimulates development of ova and production of female hormones, breast development, and milk production.

thyroid secretions

thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin

thyroid functions

regulates metabolism, stimulates growth, lowers blood calcium as necessary to maintain homeostasis

parathyroid secretions

parathormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH)

parathyroid functions

increases blood calcium as necesary to maintain homeostasis

adrenal medulla secretions

epinephrine, norepinephrine

adrenal medulla functions

react to stress

adrenal cortex secretions

Glucocorticoid, mineralcorticoids, gonadocorticoids

adrenal cortex functions

affect metabolism, growth, and aid in electrolyte and fluid balances

pancreas secretions

insulin, glucagons

pancreas functions

maintains blood glucose concentration

pineal gland secretions

melatonin

pineal gland functions

affects sexual functions and sleep cycles

ovaries secretions

estrogen and progesterone

ovaries functions

female sex characteristics, menstrual cycle, reproductive functions

testes secretions

androgen, testosterone

testes functions

male sex characteristics, sperm production

thymus gland secretions

thymosin, thymic humoral factor, factor thymic serum

thymus gland functions

T cells and some B cells development, function not well understood

aden/o

gland

adren/o; adrenal/o

adrenal glands

gluc/o

glucose

glyc/o

glycogen

gonad/o

sex glands

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid

thyr/o; thyroid/o

thyroid gland

hypothalamus

stimulates/inhibits pituitary secretions

pineal gland

sexual function/sleep cycles

pituitary gland

growth and metabolism

thyroid

metabolism

thymus

aids in T and B cells

adrenal

metabolism, growth, fluid,electrolyte balance

pancreas

insulin; maintain glucose levels

ovaries

estrogen and progesterone

testes

testosterone

gonads

sex glands and reproductive organs

hypothalamus have either a

releasing factor or inhibiting factor

pituitary components

anterior and posterior

adrenal cortex

the outer region of the adrenal gland

islets of langerhans

area of the pancreas that produces insulin and glucagon

how many parathyroid glands?

4

catecholamine hormones

chemicals released in stress response; adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

glucose tolerance test

12 hour fast repeated every 3-5 hours

tetany

condition resulting from low blood calcium levels causing bone loss and muscle paralysis

hypoadrenalism

addison disease

dwarfism

hyposecretion of growth hormone in pituitary gland

exophthalmos

protrusion of the eyeball

cushing syndrome

hypersecretion of cortisol (hydrocortisone) by the adrenal cortex due to an oversecretion of ACTH

hyposecretion

can be due to a suppressed stimulating hormone or atrophy of a gland