Urbanisation Processes

What is Urbanisation

the process by which an increasing percentage of a country's population comes to live in towns and cities

What is Urban Sprawl

The unplanned, low density outward expansion of a city into surrounding rural land

If urbanisation happens …, you will get urban sprawl. This can lead to poor …. and ….. impacts

quickly / construction / environmental

What is a Millionaire City

A city with over 1 million people

What is a Megacity

City with more than 10 million people

In 1970, there were … megacities

4

In 2018, there were megacities

33

Causes of Rapid Urban Growth - Urban Pull Factors

Higher wages; Improved education and healthcare; Better job opportunities; Governmental support

Causes of Rapid Urban Growth - Rural Push Factors

Limited Healthcare and Education; Lack of opportunities; Harsh and monotonous lifestyle

Factors encouraging the growth of Megacities - Economic Development

Increased GDP - More attractive to live Better opportunities - Megacities act as service centres

Factors encouraging the growth of Megacities - Economies of Scale

Everything is nearby in a city - lower need for transport which is expensive It is cheaper to provide goods and services in one place Communication and transport are localised

Factors encouraging the growth of Megacities - Multiplier Effect

Money spent by others on a service; that service spends on buyer; existing jobs lead to others; continuous cycle

Urban process timeline - Agglomeration

People gather together in one area to sell goods and live; Small trading posts and villages develop

Urban process timeline - Suburbanisation

Towns expand outwards, adding to the built up area; The new suburbs are made up of mostly houses, so jobs and services are in the centre, leading to them being more accessible

Urban process timeline - Urban regeneration

It is the investment of capital into the revival of old urban areas, improving what is there or clearing it away and rebuilding; Over time, older parts of urban areas suffer; Quality life decreases; The area must be brought back to life

Urban process timeline - Urban re-imaging

Changing the image and reputation of an urban area and the way people view it; Focusing on a new identity or function

Factors affecting the rate of Urbanisation - Speed of Economic Development

Growth drives urbanisation The faster the growth of economic section, the faster the growth of urbanisation

Factors affecting the rate of Urbanisation - Population Growth

Needs a supply of labour; Can occur through natural increase; Migration as source of labour is attractive, so ppl come to the area"