ecxtra notes poli240

Feminism:

Focuses on the "gendered" nature of IR. Key concept: "Where are the women?" (Cynthia Enloe). It argues that IR ignores the private sphere and that "security" is often defined in masculine terms (military force) rather than human terms (food, health).

Post-Colonialism:

• Focuses on how the "Global North" still dominates the "Global South" through knowledge and language, not just money.

Levels of Analysis (Waltz's Three Images)

1. Individual Level: The personality/psychology of leaders (e.g., "Putin’s ambition").

2. State Level: The type of government (e.g., "Democracies don't fight each other").

3. System Level: The structure of anarchy or polarity (e.g., "Bipolarity is stable").

Security Theories (Specifics)

• Deterrence: Using a threat to stop someone from doing something they haven't done yet (e.g., "Don't attack me or I'll nuke you").

• Compellence: Using a threat to get someone to stop doing something they are already doing (e.g., "Stop invading that country or I'll sanction you").

• Defense: Physically blocking an attack (e.g., a missile shield).