Realism & Naturalism

Realism

A literary movement focused on everyday life, ordinary people, and an objective portrayal of reality.

Key Characteristics of Realism

Focus on ordinary life, complex characters, ethical dilemmas, detailed settings, and objective narration.

What is a focus of Realist works?

They often center on middle or lower-class characters and their struggles.

Ethical dilemmas in Realism may include themes of...

Social issues, morality, and personal responsibility.

Historical Context of Realism

Emerged during the Industrial Revolution and post-Civil War era, reflecting societal changes.

Key Author: Mark Twain

Known for 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn', which realistically portrays life on the Mississippi River.

Naturalism

An extension of Realism emphasizing determinism and the impact of nature vs. human struggle.

How does Naturalism differ from Realism?

Naturalism emphasizes determinism and the influence of environment and heredity on characters.

Key Characteristics of Naturalism

Determinism, nature as an antagonist, focus on survival, scientific objectivity, and a bleak tone.

Determinism in literature suggests...

Every event, including human actions, is determined by prior causes.

Influence of Darwin on Naturalism

Darwin's ideas introduced concepts of evolution that shaped views of humanity as products of environment.

Major Author: Jack London

Known for 'To Build a Fire', highlighting man's struggle against nature.

What does Naturalism often depict?

Humans as products of their environment, heredity, and social conditions.

Key Author: Stephen Crane

Known for 'The Open Boat', which explores the indifference of nature toward humans.