Disease - Viral

2009 Flu Pandemic

A(H1N1) - Swine Flu

coughs and sneezes

contaminated surfaces nose or mouth

Influenza Virus Type A subtype H1N1

2009 Flu Pandemic (CA)

June 22, 2009

1st case of Swine Flu in Ph

Endemic in:

1 human + 1 birds + 2 pigs

Swine Flu is endemic in

Mexico

outbreak of swine flu in what country?

Asia, North America

Fr pigs in ____ --> ____ by infected people

Avian Influenza

Bird Flu

direct or indirect contact with infected live or dead poultry

Avian Influenza Virus Type A

Avian Influenza (CA)

Wild and domesticated birds

Bird Flu (Avian Influenza)

Hong Kong SAR, China

Bird Flu (Avian Influenza) first infected humans in 1997 during a poultry outbreak in ___

2003 and 2004

Bird Flu (Avian Influenza):

widespread re-emergence in year ___

Chickenpox

Varicella

(Bulutong Tubig)

Skin and Wounds

Direct contact

Droplet airborne spread

Indirect Contact (fr soiled discharges fr person's vesicle fluid or secretions)

Respiratory route or skin breaks

Varicella Zoster Virus

Family:

Herpesviridae

Subfamily: Alphaherpesviridae

Genus: Varicello virus

Chickenpox (CA)

Common Cold

Nasopharyngitis, Rhinopharyngitis, Acute Coryza

Upper Respiratory

Affects the nose

Coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, fever

No cure but symptoms can be treated

Airborne droplets, direct contact w/ infected nasal secretions, fomaties

Rhinovirus - 10 to 40%; type of Picornavirus

Human Corona Virus - 20%

Influenza Virus - 10%

Common Cold (CA)

Dengue

Breakbone Fever

Circulatory System

Mosquito-borne tropical disease

Fever, headache, muscle, joint pains, skin rash similar to measles

Endemic

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

type of dengue:

bleeding, low levels of blood platelets, blood plasma leakage

Dengue Sock Syndrome

type of dengue:

dangerously low blood pressure

Aedes aegypti

Dengue is caused by bite of ____

Dengue Virus

Family: Flaviviridae

Dengue (CA)

Ebola Virus

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (CA)

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

Person-to-person contact

Fever, Severe headache, Muscle pain, Weakness, Fatigue, Diarrhea, Vomiting, Abdominal (stomach) pain, internal and external hemorrhage as disease progresses

Most lethal viral infections (50%-100% mortality rate)

Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo or DRC in 1976)

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever is first noted in

Zaire (most lethal)

Sudan

Tai Forest

Bundibugyo

4 out of 5 in strains of Ebola responsible for death are:

Zaire

Ebola strain w/c is most lethal

Reston

Ebola strain in Ph w/c is not lethal

HSV-1 (cold sores)

HSV-2 (genital herpes)

Genital Herpes (CA)

Genital Herpes

Sexually Transmitted Disease

Outbreaks of painful sores and blisters

Symptoms -- can be treated but no medications

Female - blisters in or around vagina, fever, headache

Male - small sore or cluster of blisters on penis

Direct vaginal, oral, or anal sexual contact w/ infected partner

Orals sex fr partner w/ history of cold sores

Human Papilloma Virus

Genital Warts (CA)

Genital Warts

On vagina, penis, near anus, throat

may appear after wks, months, years, or may never appear (can be infected w/o knowing it)

75% of people w/ HPV during their lifetime

>100 types of HPV

No cure but there is vaccination

Vaginal, anal intercourse, oral sex

German Measles

Rubella

Three-day Measles (Tigdas Hangin)

Skin and Wounds

Benign in children

Swollen lymph nodes and mild rash

Respiratory secretions

Teratogenic - birth defects

pinkish Direct contact

Droplet airborne spread

Indirect Contact (fr soiled discharges fr person's vesicle fluid or secretions)

Rubella Virus

Family: Togaviridae

Genus: Rubi virus

German Measles (CA)

Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)

Hepatitis A (CA)

Hepatitis A

Digestive System

Easily spread

stool of HAV infected people contaminated --> mouth

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Hepatitis B (CA)

Hepatitis B

Sexually Transmitted Disease

Attacks the liver

90% of infected people:

naturally produce antibodies to fight the disease or

develop chronic HBV that will carry virus for the rest of their life

Chronic liver damage, cirrhosis, cancer

No cure but there is vaccination

In contact w/ blood or body fluids of infected person

Sex w/o condom

Needles or sharps

Mother to baby during vaginal birth

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Hepatitis C (CA)

Hepatitis C

Sexually Transmitted Disease

Highly contagious liver infection (inflammation)

Pain in right upper abdomen, Abdominal swelling due to fluid (ascites), Clay-colored or pale stools, Dark urine, Fatigue, Fever, Itching, Jaundice, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting

No vaccine

Contact with blood or body fluids (semen, vaginal fluids, saliva) of infected person, needles or sharps

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HIV

Type1 and Type2 HIV

Family:

Retroviridae

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (CA)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Sexually Transmitted Disease

Attacks immune system

No symptoms for >10yrs

Infected blood, vaginal fluids, breast milk into blood stream through:

Direct entry into blood vessel

mucous linings in skin like vagina, rectum, penis, mouth, eyes, nose

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Late Stage of HIV, no treatment

Measles

Rubeola

Hard Measles

Skin and Wounds

Acute, highly communicable

Serious childhood disease, fever, sore throat, dry cough, conjunctivitis, Reddish brown rash

Light sensitivity

Direct contact Airborne transmission

Rubeola

Measles Virus

Family: Morbillivirus

Measles (CA)

Mumps

Digestive System

Acute and viral

Fever, swelling and tenderness of >1 salivary glands

Direct contact w/ saliva and discharges fr nose and throat

Mumps Virus

Family:

Paramyxoviridae

Mumps (CA)

Poliomyelitis

Polio or Infantile Paralysis

Nervous System and Eyes Infants and young children poor hygiene via fecal-oral route and throat secretions

Polio Virus

Family:

Picornviridae

Poliomyelitis (CA)

Rabies

Nervous System and Eyes

Fr saliva of dogs and

bats

Acute fatal encephalomyelitis Entrance of virus-laden saliva into lesions or open wounds caused by bite

Rabies Virus

Family:

Rhabdoviridae

Rabies (CA)

SARS

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

High fever, chills, headache, discomfort, body aches, mild respiratory symptoms, diarrhea (10-20%), dry cough after 2-7da w/ most developing pneumonia 2-7da or as long as 10da

8,098 affected worldwide w/ 774 deaths

Close person-to-person contact

Corona Virus

SARS (CA)

February 2003

date when SARS was 1st reported in Asia:

July 2003

No new cases since

Shingles

Continuation of chickenpox in ¬>45y/o

Virus lies inactive in nerve tissue near spinal cord and brain

very painful

Smallpox

1st human disease to eradicate globally

WHO: 1967 - campaign; 1980s prevented

Infection w/ fever, malaise, headache, prostration, severe backache, skin rash, abdominal pain, vomiting

No cure but virus is preserved in US, Russia, North Korea Respiratory Tract (droplet spread)

Skin Inoculation

COUPOX

vaccination for smallpox

Variola Virus

Orthopoxvirus

Family: Poxviridae

Smallpox (CA)

Common Warts

warts on hands

Plantar Warts

warts on soles of feet

West Nile Encephalitis

Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus

West Nile Fever

Drowsiness, headache, nausea (due to encephalitis), pain in abdomen, rash swollen glands (lymphadenopathy)

Fatal in infants and

Uganda

West Nile Encephalitis is named after ___ w/c it was found

Birds-->culex mosquito --> person

West Nile Encephalitis is transmitted via

___ --> ___ --->

West Nile Fever

CA of:

West Nile Encephalitis or

Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus

Yellow Fever

Yellow Jack

Yellow Plague

Bronze John

Fever, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, muscle pains in back, headaches, liver damage causing yellow skin

humans, primates, several species of mosquitoes are affected

Yellow Fever Virus

Family: Flaviviridae

Yellow Fever (CA)

Aedis aegypti

Yellow fever is caused by ____