gensci - immune, lymphatic, endocrine, nervous, climate change

fever shivers

higher hypothalamus thermostat - shiver to match thermostat

frugivorous

eats fruits

phenological shift

timing change

physiological stress

health related

lymph nodes

headquarters of immune cells

hybrid immunity

actual infection, vaccine

primary link between endocrine and nervous

hypothalamus

spleen

• filter blood

• remove old red blood cells

• store white blood cells

axon

• signal from nerve cell head

• deliver signal

• release neurotransmitters at end (to pass message)

RNA vaccine

1. mRNA instructions to make spike protein
   spike protein - virus’ key to your cell

2. immune system detects spike protein

3. b cells produce antibodies
   antibodies - lock to key (spike protein), antibodies stick to spike proteins

4. helper t cells boss other cells around, killer t cells destroy infected cells

5. memory b and t cells

dendritic cells

• goons on lookout

• capture pathogens and present them to helper t cells (mastermind)

innate immunity

• physical barriers: skin mucus

• phagocytes (kirby on pathogens) and dendritic cells (goons, capture and report to helper t cells)

adaptive immunity

• helper t cells boss the others around

• b cells - antibodies

• cytotoxic/fighter t cells - destroy infected cells

• memory b and t cells

thyroid gland in thermoregulation

hormones - increase basal metabolic rate (cells break down nutrients faster)

carries sensory info to CNS

dorsal root

adaptive immunity dwelling

headquarters: lymph nodes

innate immunity dwelling

everywhere

lymph node swelling

immune cells are being activated

involuntary function

brainstem

hot environment causes enzymes to

denature/deform

helper t cells

secrete cytokines

peripheral nervous system

• somatic

  • voluntary

  • motor neuron from CNS - muscle

• autonomic

  • involuntary

  • sympathetic and parasympathetic divison

sympathetic division (under autonomic under peripheral)

• s - stress

• fight or flight

• stress, emergencies

• triggers adrenal gland

parasympathetic (under autonomic under peripheral)

• rest or digest

• rest, relaxation

• conserve energy, back to normal

secretes melatonin

pineal gland

ductless

endocrine, straight into blood

y-shaped antibodies

bind to antigens, block entry into cells, mark pathogens for destruction

immune system

functional network of cells

glial cells

• no signal

• support, protect/insulate, nourish neurons

coral bleaching

• zooxanthellae - chloroplasts - food

• hot - more ROS - damages coral

• coral expel zooxanthellae

insulin

lowers blood sugar

glucagon

increases blood sugar

motor neurons

efferent

sensory neurons

afferent