Jean Piaget- Developmetal psychologist

What age range did Piaget study

Pre-adolescence

From the discovery that on intelligence tests children of a certain age often gave quite similar answers to each other, and children of another age often gave quite similar answers to each other, what did Piaget surmise?

Child’s cognitive development comes in stages

Piaget said the maturing brain builds schemas, which are ways of organizing that help us make sense of our experiences.

Our schemas can be reinforeed by what we experience or can change by what we experience. For example, if a child is in a family that has a dog, and the dog is very friendly and loving to the family, the child's schema is dogs are friendly.

Then the child is exposed to another dog that is just as friendly, and this reinforces the child's schema that dogs are friendly. Then the child encounters an aggressive, unfriendly dog, and so the child learns that the schema that dogs are friendly is wrong and is replaced by the schema that some dogs are friendly and some aren't.

Looking at the above example of a schema about dogs, we can see that

The child initially only encountered his friendly dog and so developed the schema that dogs are friendly

• The child then encountered another friendly dog, so the schema that dogs are friendly was reinforced. This is called assimilation. Assimilation is adding new information that reinforces our schemas.

• The child then encountered unfriendly dogs, so the child learned that the schema that dogs are friendly is wrong. and the child replaced the wrong schema with one that includes new information: Some dogs are friendly and some aren't. This is called accommodation. Accommodation is adding new information that changes our Schema

What are schemas

A way of organizing and interpret info in the brain

What is assimilation

Additional info that reinforces our schemas

What is accommodation

Adding info that changing our schema

Assimilation or accommodation: A child's schema is reinforeed by what she experiences.

Assimilation

Assimilation or accommodation: A child's schema that snakes are bad is reinforced when he sees a neighbor killing a snake.

Assimilation

Assimilation or accommodation: A child's schema is changed by what she experiences.

Accommodation

Assimilation or accommodation: A child's schema that snakes are bad is changed when he sees and holds another neighbor's pet snake.

Accommodation

A child had a schema that she should not like people of a different culture from hers because that's how she was raised.

Give an example of assimilation and how it would affect the child's schema. Then give an example of accommodation and how it would affect the child's schema.

Assimilation - meeting someone from a different culture who is violent or that person dislikes that reinforce that schema (the someone is violent)

Accommodation- meeting someore amazing who chaser her schema

Remember that Piaget surmised that children's cognitive development occurs in stages. Then, through research on children of various ages, he concluded that a child's cognitive development occurs in four major stages: The sensorio stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational stage, the formal operational stage.

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Did Piaget believe that a child's cognitive development is continuous or occurs in stages?

Stages

Piaget said that children's cognitive development occurs in what four major stages?

Sensorimotor stage , preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage

The preoperational stage is from about age 2 to about age 6 and involves children being unable to perform mental operations. Mental operations include classification (being able to group objects based on similarities), seriation (being able to arrange objects in a logical order, such as by size or length), and conservation (being able to determine that certain

scrolle year-olds two glasses of the same size and shape, both filled with milk to the same level. Then pour the contents of one of

properties of things remain the same despite changes in their appearance). An example of conservation: Show most 5-

dosus the glasses into a taller, narrower glass. The child will then think that the taller glass has more milk. When the child unrolletransitions from the preoperational stage to the concrete operational stage, she will understand that the taller and shorter < glasses have the same amount of milk.

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The sensorimotor stage is form when to when

Birth- 2

Please define object permanence, then rewrite Piage's example of a child not yet having object pernanence.

Knowing objects still exist, even when out of sight. The toy has a hat over it and a child acts like it’s gone.

Own example of child not having object permanece

ball rolls and stops in front of a toy the child thinks the ball is gone

The preoperational stage is from about age 2 to about age 6 and involves children being unable to perform mental operations. Mental operations include classification (being able to group objects based on similarities), seriation (being able to arrange objects in a logical order, such as by size or length), and conservation (being able to determine that certain

scrolle year-olds two glasses of the same size and shape, both filled with milk to the same level. Then pour the contents of one of

properties of things remain the same despite changes in their appearance). An example of conservation: Show most 5- 5-year-olds two glasses at the same size and shape both filled with milk to the same level then pour the contents of one of the glasses into a taller, narrower glass. The child will then think that the taller glass has more milk. When the child unrolletransitions from the preoperational stage to the concrete operational stage, she will understand that the taller and shorter < glasses have the same amount of milk.

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The preoperational stage engaging in classifiication is from when to when

2-6

define classification then given an example of a child engaging in classification

Cognitive ability arranging things/people based on a classified system. A child grouping toys by color.

define seriation then give an example of a child engaging in seriation

Arranging objects in an order sequence based on size length of color. Blocks to largest to smallest.

define conservation, then rewrite the above example of a child engaging in it

Being able to determine that certain properties of things remain the same even when appearances changes. For example, a child knows that the that milk in a tall glass versus the regular glass has the same milk in it. Not yet engaging in it is the opposite.

The concrete operational stage is from age 6 to about 12. It involves, thinking logically about things, but not being able to engage in abstract thinking.

The ability to reason problem solve without relying on existing knowledge

The concrete operational stage is from when to when

6 to 12

Can children in the concrete operational stage engage in classification, seriation? Conservation

Yes, yes and yes

Can children in the concrete operational stage engage in logical thinking and abstract thinking

Yes, and no

The formal operational stage is from about age 12 through throughout childhood and at this stage abstract thinking develops. For example, when a child in the formal operational stage is told that someone kicked the bucket a child realizes it means someone died, but a child in the concrete operational stage would think that someone literally kicked a bucket

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From when to when is the formal operation

12+

What’s another example of a phrase that someone not yet in the formal operational stage would interpret literally

Raining cats and dogs