Random ahh stuff for unit 1 test

A hormone releasing its hormone when another hormone binds to it

Hormonal stimulation

A gland cell releasing its hormone when there is a certain change in levels of a nutrient or ion in the blood

humoral stimulation

5 hormones that are steriods:

• Estrogen

• Testosterone

• Progesterone

• aldosterone

• Cortisol

4 hormones that are biogenic amines or monoamines

• Norepinephrine

• epinephrine

• thyriod hormone

• melatonin

Autocrine stimulation

local hormones binding to the cells that released them

Paracrine stimulation

local hormones binding to neighboring cells

What are Eicosanoids?

Local hormones formed form fatty acids

What are prostaglandins?

Eicosanoids that stimulate pain and inflammatory response

What happens when water soluble hormones bind to cell surface receptors?

A signal tranduction pathway

A cells response varies with:

• It’s number of receptors for the hormone

• Its simultaneous response to other hormones

One hormone reinforces activity of another hormone

Synergistic interaction

One hormone requires the activaty of another hormone

Permissive Interactions

What connects the hypothalamus with the posterior pituitary gland

hypothalmo - hypophyseal tract

What connects the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary gland

hypothalmo - hypophyseal portal system

Glycogenolysis

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Gluconeogenesis

Conversion of nutrients to glucose

Glycogenesis

Synthesis of glycogen

Growth hormone in the effectors:

• Increased gluconeogenisis

• Increased glycogenolysis

• Increased lipolysis

What do follicular cells synthesize?

Thyroglobulin (TGB) to create TH

What do Parafollicular cells synthesize?

Calcitonin

Thyroid hormone effect on the effectors

Same thing as growth hormone

Hormones of the adrenal medulla:

• Epinephrine

• Norepinephrine

Three hormone groups of the adrenal cortex

• Mineralcorticoids

• Glucocorticoids

• Gonadocorticoids

Function of mineralocorticoids

Regulate electrolyte levels

Hormone that is a mineralocorticoid

Aldosterone

What are glucocorticoids?

Hormones that regulate blood sugar

Hormone that is a glucocorticoid

cortisol

What are the hormones of gonadocorticoids

Adrenal androgens

Alpha cells secrete:

Glucagon

Beta cells secrete:

Insulin

What insulin do to the effectors?

Only increased glycogenesis and lipogenesis

Glucagon effect on the effectors

Same thing as growth hormone

Prolactin:

Milk creation

Oxytocin:

Milk ejection

Cells in the testis that nourish developing sperm and release inhibin

Sustentacular cells

Which cells in the testes produce testosterone

Interstitial cells

Which cells does FSH bind to for the secretion of Androgen binding protein?

Sustentacular cells

The pathway of sperm to get out of the balls

1. Seminiferous tubules

2. Rete testis

3. Efferent ducules

4. Epididymis

5. ducctus deferens

What does the SRY protien do?

Stimulates testerone or androgens to initiate male phenotypic development

What do sperm need to peirce in order to get to the egg?

Corona radiata

What do sperm need to get through with an acrosome reaction to get to the corona radiata?

Zona pellucida

What happens after a sperm gets in the egg to prevent polyspermy?

The zona pellucida immediately hardens and depolarizes itself