Test world war 2

social studies 8th grade

 What were the main causes of WWII?

 Treaty of Versailles, rise of totalitarian regimes, economic depression, failure of appeasement, and expansionist goals of Axis powers.

What contributed to the rise of dictators in Europe?

Economic instability, political chaos after WWI, and nationalistic ideologies allowed leaders like Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin to rise to power.

 Who was Benito Mussolini?

A: Fascist leader of Italy who sought to recreate a Roman Empire; allied with Hitler during WWII.

Who was Adolf Hitler?

 Dictator of Nazi Germany; led the 3rd Reich; started WWII by invading Poland; responsible for the Holocaust.

Who was Joseph Stalin?

Communist leader of the Soviet Union; initially signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler but joined Allies after Germany invaded the USSR.

Who were the Axis Powers?

 Germany, Italy, and Japan

What was the 3rd Reich?

The Nazi regime in Germany from 1933 to 1945 under Adolf Hitler.

 Why did Japan enter WWII?

To gain access to natural resources and expand its empire across the Pacific and Asia.

 Why did Japan attack the United States?

The U.S. imposed oil and trade embargoes that threatened Japan's expansion goals; Japan sought to cripple the U.S. Pacific Fleet.

 Who were the Allied Powers?

The main Allies were the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, France, and China.

Who was Harry S. Truman?

U.S. President after FDR’s death; made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan.

Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower?

Supreme Allied Commander in Europe; led the D-Day invasion.

 What was the Battle of Iwo Jima?

A brutal battle in the Pacific; U.S. Marines captured the island from Japan in 1945; famous flag-raising photo taken.

Who were the Big Three?

Roosevelt (USA), Churchill (UK), and Stalin (USSR).

What events happened before the U.S. joined WWII?

Hitler invaded Poland, starting the war in Europe; Japan invaded China; The Blitz in Britain; U.S. passed Neutrality Acts.

What was the Rape of Nanking?

A 1937 massacre where Japanese troops killed and raped thousands of Chinese civilians in Nanking.

What happened when Germany invaded Poland in 1939?

It marked the official start of WWII; Britain and France declared war on Germany.

What was the Blitz?

German bombing campaign against Britain, particularly London, from 1940-1941.

What were the Neutrality Acts?

U.S. laws aimed at keeping the country out of foreign conflicts by banning arms sales to warring nations.

What was the Lend-Lease Act?

 A 1941 law allowing the U.S. to supply weapons to Allies while remaining officially neutral.

What was the Cash and Carry policy?

A policy that allowed nations at war to buy goods from the U.S. if they paid in cash and transported them themselves.

 Was the U.S. truly neutral before 1941?

 Officially yes, but actions like Lend-Lease and aiding Britain suggested otherwise.

What happened on December 7, 1941?

 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, leading the U.S. to declare war and enter WWII.

What happened at Pearl Harbor?

Japanese forces attacked the U.S. naval base in Hawaii, aiming to cripple the U.S. Pacific Fleet.

How did Americans contribute to the war at home?

Through rationing, buying war bonds, working in defense industries, and conserving resources.

 What was rationing?

 Government limits on food, gas, and other goods to support the war effort.

What were war bonds?

Loans from citizens to the government to fund military operations.

What were War Relocation Camps?

Internment camps where Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated during WWII.

 What was Korematsu v. US?

A Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of Japanese internment during wartime.

 What was island hopping?

The U.S. strategy in the Pacific of capturing strategic islands while bypassing others to reach Japan.

What was the Holocaust?

The genocide of 6 million Jews and millions of others by Nazi Germany during WWII.

What key facts should you know about WWII?

 Dates: 1939–1945; major battles include D-Day, Midway, and Island Hopping , Bulge,  ended with Axis defeat and creation of the UN.

What happened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on these Japanese cities in August 1945, leading to Japan's surrender.

 What was Einstein's role in WWII?

He warned FDR about Nazi atomic research, helping start the U.S. Manhattan Project.

 How did WWII end and what were the results?

Germany surrendered in May 1945 (VE Day); Japan surrendered in August 1945 (VJ Day); led to Cold War, UN formation, and division of Germany.

What are VE and VJ Day?

VE Day (Victory in Europe): May 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders.
VJ Day (Victory over Japan): August 15, 1945 – Japan surrenders.

what is a dictator?

• A dictator is a ruler (e.g. absolutist or autocratic) who assumes sole and absolute power.

what is communism?

no classes meaning no rich and no poor everybody is equal we accomplish this by the government controlling all properties and all media and all money

what is fascism?

social classes are rich and poor and they do have private properties by the government controls all 

who was Benito Mussolini?

he ruled Italy and was a fascist and destroyed all opposition

where did Mussolini rule and how long was he ruling for?

he ruled Italy and ruled from 1922-1943

was Mussolini a fascist leader or a communist?

Fascist

who ruled the black shirts and what are the black shirts?

Mussolini ruled the black shirts and the black shirts are people who would go after and hurt and kill ect. and they were loyal to Mussolini

what did Mussolini promise Italy?

he promised that his people a rebirth of the Roman empire

what are the brown shirts?

the brown shirts were people who would destroy any opposition and were loyal to Adolf Hitler

what did Adolf Hitler promise Germany

he promised a 3rd Reich for Germany

who did Joseph Stalin become allies with

the US and the UK

what years did Hirohito?

from 1926 to 1989

who was Hirohito’s prime minister?

Hideki Tojo-Japan

what were the two main alliances

axis and allies powers

does Japan invade china true or false?

True

what was the event called when Japan killed civilians during their invading of china?

the rape of Nanking

what is the name of the sip called that the Japanese sunked?

USS Pany

what are the other places that Japan invaded?

Philippines, south east Asia and as far as west Burma

what does appeasement mean ?

it means to give in

did Hitler break the treaty of Versailles and act aggressively towards most of Europe?

yes he did break the treaty and acted aggressively

what are places that Germany took over

Poland(1938) and Sudetenland(1939)

Did FDR want to stay neutral or did he want war

FDR wanted to stay neutral and he signed the Neautrality act

what was a cash and carry?

In simple terms, "Cash and Carry" was a rule the United States made in 1939, before it joined World War II. It said that countries at war could buy weapons and supplies from the U.S., but only if they:

• Paid with cash right away (no borrowing money), and

• Took the goods home themselves using their own ships.

what was the lend lease act?

gave arms to the allies

what is the Atlantic charter

FDR joins with Winston Churchill (UK) in calling for the destruction of the Nazi party.

what was the shoot on sight policy?

any German or Italian Vessel/ U-boat sighted by American ships can be fired upon!

what happened 1937-

Japan Beigns its war of expansion

what happens 1939-

Germany invades Poland

what happens 1940-

Blitzkrieg over Britian

what also happens in 1940 about Italy

Italians and Germans invades north Africa

what happened in 1941

Hitler plans his invasion of Russia ( operation Barbarossa of 1942)

what does FDR ask Congress for?

Declaration of war saying we are no longer neutral

who was the overall commander of the US forces

Gen. Dwight D Eisenhower

what were the new weapons created in world war ll

Sherman tank, M1 Garand, P-51 Mustang fighter plane, and B-17 flying fortress

who was one of Hitlers best generals?

Erwin Rommel ( the desert fox)

what was the day of D-day?

June 6th , 1944

what were the years of the battle of the bulged?

1944 to 1945

by spring 1945 what was happening

the German forces were being surrounded by both Americans and Russians

what happened on April 29th 1945

both Hitler and Braun (his girlfriend) committed suicide before Soviet forces could capture him

what does VE mean

victory in Europe

the invasion of Iwo Jima opened the door for what?

bombing and a possible invasion of Japan

what was the Yalta conference 2/1945

is when the big 3 plan what to do in Europe post WW11

what is the potsdam conference 7/1945

 FDR has already dies the new president of the US is Harry Truman

what happened on September 2 , 1945

the formal surrender was signed on the deck of the USS Missouri

what pulled America out of the great depression?

world war ll

what does mobilize mean?

to move or prepare for war

how long did the draft last for word war ll?

1940 to 1947 so for seven years which over 10 million men got drafted

who filled the labor force while man were fighting in the war?

Women became a major part of the war effort at home They built everything from tanks to planes to uniforms and Rosie the Riveter became a symbol of female strength and ability

the government rationed everything due to the demand of war goods going up and materials and resources were too what does ration mean?

means to limit things

what would people get who participated drives which as to collect surplus materials?

they would get vouchers

what changed in the US (home front) from world war ll ?

To defend American shores the government fortified the US ports and cities, Air raid sirens were installed throughout the US in case of an attack, Drills and blackouts were held throughout the US

why did FDR sign the executive 9066?

In an attempt to ensure another surprise attack didn't happen

what did the executive order 9066 create?

war relocation camps(WRA)

what was WRA for

These camps were for Japanese Americans on the West Coast of the US, These citizens were forced from their homes into camps in the desert of the southwest

what does genocide mean?

a systematic killing of a group of people

what does anti-semitism mean?

Anti-Semitism means hatred or unfair treatment of Jewish people just because they are Jewish.

what place was created that was a homeland for the Jewish

Eventually Israel was created on May 14, 1948 as a homeland

how many people were killed in the Holocaust?

11 million people

6 million people out of the 11 million people were killed in the Holocaust how many were children

1 million children

what did Dr. Joseph Mengele do?

committed Horrific experiments at the camps escaped to south America 

what is the definition of Holocaust?

The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933 to 1945. other individuals and groups were persecuted and suffered grievously during this period, but only the Jews were marked for complete and utter annihilation. the term Holocaust literally meaning a completely burned sacrifice tends to suggest a sacrificial connotation  to what occurred. the word shoah,  originally a biblical term meaning widespread disaster, is the modern Hebrew equivalent

what was the wannsee conference?

 January 20th 1942 15 top Nazi officials hold a meeting to determine the final solution to exterminate all Jews minutes from this meeting were taken and can be read multiple moves have been made about them

what were the numberg laws?

 a series of laws passed by the Nazis parties which Outlaw Jews from every aspect of German life, from being business owners to being citizens to even a winning appliances this also led to the formation of the ghettos and eventually the camps and genocide

what were ghettos?

 an area of cities in which Jews were forced to live they were completely shut off from any contact from outside the ghetto