pollution and economic development

temporary by-product

sản phẩm phụ tạm thời

fiscal capacity

financial capacity; economic resources

forward-looking

progressive; proactive; tiến bộ

decouple from

separate; disconnect

ecological integrity

environmental stability; ecosystem health; >< environmental degradation/deterioration; ecological damage

strong policy enforcement

stringent governance; strict regulation

sewage treatments

waste-treatment systems

by no means

not at all; absolutely not; không hề

industrial effluents

nước thải công nghiệp

vast tracts of land

vùng đất rộng lớn; extensive land areas

not inherent to

không phải bản chất của; not an inevitable feature of

carbon pricing mechanisms

carbon tax systems; emissions pricing mechanisms

substandard factories

nhà máy kém tiêu chuẩn; non-compliant factories

serve as a catalyst for

drive; spark; accelerate; đóng vai trò chất xúc tác cho

economic expansion

economic development/growth/prosperity