Chemistry I Chapter 1: Key Terms; McGraw Hill
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26 Terms
Chemistry
The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Scientific Method
A systematic approach to research.
Qualitative
Consisting of general observations about the system.
Quantitative
Comprising numbers obtained by various measurements of the system.
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation for a set of observations.
Theory
A unifying principle that explains a body of facts and/or those laws that are based on them.
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Substance
A form of matter that has a definite (constant) composition and distinct properties.
Mixture
A combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities.
Homogeneous Mixture
The composition of the mixture is the same throughout.
Heterogenous Mixture
The composition is not uniform.
Element
A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
Compound
A substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions.
Physical Property
Can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance.
Chemical Property
The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.
Extensive Property
Depends on the amount of matter present.
Mass
The quantity of matter in a given sample of a substance.
Volume
Length Cubed
Density
D=m/V
Macroscopic Properties
Properties that can be measured directly without the aid of a microscope or other special instrument.
Microscopic Properties
Properties that cannot be measured directly without the aid of a microscope or other special instrument.
Weight
The force that gravity exerts on an object.
Liter
The volume occupied by one cubic decimeter.
Significant Figures
The meaningful digits in a measured or calculated quantity.
Accuracy
How close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity that was measured.
Precision
Refers to how closely two or more measurements of the same quantity agree with one another.