Health-Care Law, Ethics & Mental-Health History

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Vocabulary flashcards covering key legal terms, ethical principles, care settings, and historical concepts from the lecture transcript.

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41 Terms

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Acute Care Hospital

A facility that provides short-term, intensive medical treatment for patients with severe or urgent conditions.

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Specialty Surgical Center

An outpatient facility focused on specific surgical procedures, often offering quicker, lower-cost care than hospitals.

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Urgent Care Center

A walk-in clinic for illnesses or injuries that need prompt attention but are not life-threatening emergencies.

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Hospice

Comprehensive end-of-life care that emphasizes comfort, pain control, and quality of life rather than curative treatment.

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Health-Care Law

The body of federal and state statutes, regulations, and case law governing the delivery of medical services.

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HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)

U.S. law that protects patient privacy and controls the sharing of health information.

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EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act)

Federal law requiring hospitals to screen and stabilize anyone in an emergency or active labor, regardless of ability to pay.

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Nurse Practice Act

State statute that defines the scope of nursing practice and sets legal requirements for licensure and professional conduct.

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Malpractice

Professional negligence that causes injury; proven by duty, breach, harm, and causation.

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Negligence

Failure to act as a reasonably prudent nurse would, leading to potential harm.

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Duty

The legal obligation a nurse owes to a patient once a care relationship is established.

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Breach of Duty

Failure to meet the accepted standard of care.

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Harm (Damages)

Physical, emotional, or financial injury suffered by a patient.

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Causation

Direct link between the nurse’s breach and the patient’s harm.

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Informed Consent

Permission given by a competent patient after receiving full disclosure of risks, benefits, and alternatives.

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Age of Consent (Ohio)

Legal age—18 for general treatment; 14 for certain reproductive or mental-health services.

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Advance Directive

Legal document stating a person’s wishes for medical care if they become unable to communicate.

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Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order

Medical order instructing health-care providers not to perform CPR if breathing or heartbeat stops.

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Organ Donation Authorization

Legal consent to donate tissues or organs after death.

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Active Euthanasia

Deliberate action taken to end a patient’s life to relieve suffering.

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Passive Euthanasia

Allowing death by withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments.

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Autonomy

Ethical principle that respects the patient’s right to make independent decisions.

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Beneficence

Ethical duty to promote good and act in the patient’s best interest.

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Non-Maleficence

Obligation to avoid causing harm ("do no harm").

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Justice

Ethical principle demanding fair and equal treatment of all patients.

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Fidelity

Keeping promises and maintaining trust in the nurse–patient relationship.

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Veracity

Ethical duty of truthfulness with patients.

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Assault

Intentional threat or attempt to make another person fearful of imminent harm.

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Battery

Intentional, unauthorized physical contact with a patient.

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False Imprisonment

Unlawful restriction of a person’s freedom of movement (e.g., improper restraints).

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Elopement (Health Care)

When a patient leaves a facility without authorization or disappears during care.

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Voluntary Admission

Patient willingly seeks inpatient psychiatric treatment and may request discharge.

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Involuntary Admission

Court- or provider-initiated psychiatric hospitalization against a patient’s will for safety reasons.

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72-Hour Hold

Emergency, short-term involuntary commitment period pending further evaluation.

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Slander

Spoken false statement damaging someone’s reputation.

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Libel

Written or printed false statement harming someone’s reputation.

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Lobotomy

Historic neurosurgical procedure once used to treat mental illness by severing brain connections.

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Hysteria (Historical)

Outdated diagnosis attributing women’s emotional behavior to a wandering uterus.

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Deinstitutionalization

1960s movement that closed large psychiatric hospitals and shifted care to community settings.

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Ergot Poisoning

Ingestion of rye fungus causing hallucinogenic symptoms, once mistaken for witchcraft or insanity.

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Mental-Health Stigma

Negative societal attitudes and discrimination toward people with psychiatric disorders.