Socials 8 Exam Study Guide

Social Studies 8 Exam Study Guide Flashcards

What were the symptoms of the Black Plague?

Fever, fatigue, swollen buboes, blackened skin.

How did the Black Plague spread?

Fleas on rats via trade ships from Asia to Europe.

What was the significance of the Black Plague?

Killed up to 1/3 of Europe's population, labor shortages led to higher wages and decline of feudalism, people began questioning the Church and turning to science.

What was the cause of the Crusades?

Pope Urban II called Christians to reclaim Jerusalem.

Describe the events of the Crusades.

First Crusade was somewhat successful; later ones failed.

What was the impact of the Crusades?

Increased trade and cultural exchange, heightened religious tensions among Christians, Muslims, Jews.

What did Europe gain from the Middle East during the Crusades?

Preserved classical knowledge, math (algebra), medicine, astronomy; goods like silk, sugar, coffee; tools like the astrolabe and advanced navigation.

Where did the Renaissance start?

Florence, Italy.

What is humanism?

Focus on individual achievement and reason.

Who were key figures of the Renaissance?

Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Medici Family.

What did the Renaissance lead to?

More secular ideas and scientific progress.

What were the key ideas of the Scientific Revolution?

Reason, observation, experimentation.

Who were the significant figures of the Scientific Revolution?

Copernicus (heliocentric theory), Galileo, Newton.

What is the legacy of the Scientific Revolution?

Modern science and critical thinking.

What was the impact of the Printing Press?

Spread ideas quickly.

Who was Gutenberg?

Developed the Printing Press around 1440

What did Martin Luther do in 1517?

95 Theses against Church corruption.

What were the effects of Martin Luther's actions?

Protestant churches formed, Church power declined, Bible became widely accessible.

What was the Council of Trent?

Reaffirmed doctrine, reformed corruption.

Who were the Jesuits?

Missionary educators defending Catholicism.

What was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?

Religious violence in France.

What were the motivations for the Age of Exploration?

God, Gold, Glory.

What technologies facilitated the Age of Exploration?

Compass, astrolabe, caravels, maps.

What were the results of the Age of Exploration?

European expansion and colonization, spread of disease.

What did the Silk Road connect?

Linked China to Europe (silk, spices).

What did the Indian Ocean trade network connect?

Linked Africa, India, Asia (gold, spices).

What goods were traded from East to West?

Spices, silk, paper.

What goods were traded from West to East?

Silver, wool, gold.

What is the theme of reshaping societies?

Disease, trade, and war reshape societies.

What is the theme of the spread of ideas?

Ideas and tech spread via trade and printing.

What is the theme of rising individualism?

Individualism and secularism rise.

What is the theme of religious reform?

Religious reform changes Europe.

What is the theme of exploration?

Exploration connects and exploits the world.