History of Medical Technology | Flashcards 2

Flashcards covering key figures, concepts, and milestones in the history of medical technology as presented in the lecture notes.

Who is regarded as the Father of Medicine and author of the Hippocratic Oath?

Hippocrates.

What is the Four-Humors Theory and which four humors does it include?

A historical theory of health based on four bodily fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.

List the four humors described in Hippocratic medicine.

Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.

What condition did Claudius Galen describe as the 'diarrhea of urine' and which cardinal symptoms are associated with it?

Diabetes; polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia.

What diagnostic practice involved water-casting in medieval Europe?

Uroscopy.

What does the urine density formula ρ = m/v represent in medical analysis?

Urine density (density of urine), explained via Archimedes’ principle.

In clinical diagnosis, what is the difference between a symptom and a sign?

Symptom is the patient’s subjective experience; sign is the physician’s objective observation.

Which instrument measures vital capacity of the lungs and who invented it?

Spirometer; John Hutchinson.

Which device measures blood pressure indirectly and uses the unit mmHg?

Sphygmomanometer.

Who invented the stethoscope?

René Laennec.

Who devised the first practical microscope?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

Who developed the ophthalmoscope to view the retina?

Hermann von Helmholtz.

Who devised the laryngoscope to observe the throat and larynx?

Manuel García.

Who discovered X-ray and its diagnostic value?

Wilhelm Röntgen.

Who developed the electrocardiograph (ECG)?

William Einthoven.

What is the Kenny method in physical therapy?

A pioneering approach to polio treatment using damp hot packs and slow-paced therapy.

What was the purpose of the Drinker respirator (1927)?

An artificial respirator to assist breathing in poliomyelitis.

What is the function of the heart-lung machine?

To replace the function of the heart and lungs during open-heart surgery.

What procedure involves imaging the heart vessels by injecting a radiopaque dye?

Cardiac catheterization and angiography.

What does angiography visualize?

Blood vessels (visualization of vessels).

Where was the first clinical laboratory in America located?

William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

Who developed a method to certify medical technologists?

John Kolmer.

Which organization was established to encourage cooperation between physicians and clinical pathologists and set ethics for technicians?

American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP).

What was the first hospital in the Philippines established during the Spanish period?

Hospital Real.

Which hospital in the Philippines served as a reference for infectious diseases and was built by Franciscans for the poor and lepers?

San Lazaro Hospital.

Which university in the Philippines was founded by the Dominicans?

University of Santo Tomas (UST).

What was the Bureau of Government Laboratories?

A government agency established under the Philippine Commission Act No. 156 to advance diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases; later destroyed in World War II.

What was the Bureau of Science?

A government bureau established to support medical officer careers in laboratory research.

What was the Manila Public Health Laboratory?

The first clinical laboratory in the Philippines, opened/endorsed for public health testing.

What is the first four-year Bachelor of Science program in Medical Technology in the Philippines?

Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology (BSMT) program approved for private education.

Who opened the first medical technology training program in the Philippines and where?

Dr. Sta. Ana; Manila Sanitarium Hospital.

Who was the first graduate of the medical technology course in the Philippines?

Dr. Jesse Umali.

Where was medical technology officially implemented as an official program in the Philippines?

University of Santo Tomas (UST).

Who introduced vaccination against smallpox and observed cowpox leading to immunity?

Edward Jenner.

What did Jenner observe about milkmaids and cowpox that led to immunity to smallpox?

Milkmaids with cowpox did not get smallpox; cowpox provided immunity.

Which scientist developed the concept of vaccination using weakened viruses and introduced the term 'vaccination' from vacca (cow)?

Louis Pasteur.

Which scientist described the rabies virus and its properties, including having a negative-sense RNA genome?

Louis Pasteur described the rabies virus; later notes detail the virus as RNA (-)ssRNA, bullet-shaped, in the family Rhabdoviridae.

Who is known as the Father of Genetics and introduced the Punnett Square?

Gregor Mendel.

Who theorized that surgical infections were caused by airborne organisms and helped establish antisepsis in surgery?

Joseph Lister.

Who first presented pictures of bacilli and tubercle bacilli and contributed to bacteriology?

Robert Koch.

Who described phagocytes and their role in fighting infections?

Elie Metchnikoff.

Who introduced steam sterilization in surgery (autoclave concept)?

Ernst von Bergmann.

Which scientist distinguished the ABO blood groups?

Karl Landsteiner.

Who developed an immunologic test for syphilis (Wassermann test)?

August von Wassermann.

Who discovered Rickettsiae, organisms between bacteria and viruses?

Howard Ricketts.

What is the rabies virus structure and genome type as described in the notes?

Rabies virus; bullet-shaped; family Rhabdoviridae; genus Lyssavirus; genome: (-)ssRNA.

Who developed the vaccine for poliomyelitis (polio)?

Jonas Salk.

Who developed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique?

Kary Mullis.

Who introduced intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in IVF?

Andre Van Steirteghem.

Who derived the first human stem cell line?

James Thomson.