Chapter 1: Nursing Today

What is clinical judgement (NCSBN definition)?

the observed outcome of critical thinking and decision making

what does conclusion about a patient’s needs or health problems lead to?

• taking or avoiding action

• using or modifying standard approaches

• creating new approaches based on the patient’s response

what are benner’s stages from novice to expert during development of clinical expertise?

novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert

what is a novice according to Brenner’s stages?

no previous level of experience

what is an advanced beginner according to Brenner’s stages?

a nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation

what is a competent nurse according to Brenner’s stages?

a nurse who has been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years

what is a proficient nurse according to Brenner’s stages?

A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the same clinical position

what is an expert nurse according to Brenner’s stages?

A nurse with diverse experience who has an intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem

what is the definition of the standards of professional nursing practice?

statements of the duties expected of registered nurses

what are the standards of professional performance?

competent level of behavior in the professional nursing roles

what is the code of ethics?

a guide that provides principles of right and wrong to provide care

what are the five standards of nursing practice?

assessment, diagnosis, outcomes identification, implementation, evaluation

what are the professional responsibilities and roles of nurses?

autonomy and accountability, caregiver, advocate, educator, communicator, manager, career development, clinician

what are the different type of APRNS?

CNS, NP, Nurse Midwife, CRNA, Nurse educator, nurse administrator, nurse researcher

which APRN provides expertise and support to nurses caring for patients at the bedside?

Clinical nurse specialist (CNS)

which APRN provides care to acute care/outpatient settings, directly managing the nursing and medical care of patients who are healthy or who have chronic conditions?

nurse practitioner (NP)

which APRN encompasses the independent provision of care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period; sexual and reproductive health; gynecological health; and family planning services, including preconception care?

Nurse midwife

which APRN delivers high-quality holistic, evidence-based anesthesia and pain care services?

CRNA

which APRN is found in schools of nursing, staff development departments of health care agencies, and patient education departments?

Nurse educator

which APRN is in the health care agency; communication and relationship management; knowledge of the health care environment; leadership; professionalism; and business skills and principles?

nurse administrator

which APRN conducts evidence-based practice, performance improvement, and research to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice?

Nurse researcher

who established first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration (sanitation) and organized first program for training nurses?

Florence Nightingale

who was the first practicing epidemiologist?

florence nightingale

what did florence nightingale improve?

sanitation in battlefield hospitals

who was the founder of the American Red Cross, cared for soldiers on the battlefields, cleansing their wounds, meeting their basic needs, and comforting them at end of life?

Clara Barton

who helped found the Nurses’ Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada in 1896. This organization became the ANA in 1911. She authored many nursing textbooks and was one of the original founders of the American Journal of Nursing

Dorothea Lynde Dix, Mary Ann Ball (Mother Bickerdyke)

who was the first professionally educated African-American nurse was concerned with relationships between cultures and races. As a noted nursing leader, she brought forth an awareness of cultural diversity and respect for the individual, regardless of background, race, color, or religion?

Mary Mahoney

who helped found the Nurses’ Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada in 1896. This organization became the ANA in 1911. She authored many nursing textbooks and was one of the original founders of the American Journal of Nursing?

Isabel Hampton Robb

who opened the Henry Street Settlement with Mary Brewster, which focused on the health needs of poor people who lived in tenements in New York City?

Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster