Intro to Psychology Unit 4 Test

What is Social Loafing?

The tendency for people to reduct their performance on a task in the presence of others

What is Social Facilitation?

The improvement of effort when working in a group

What is Fundamental Attribution Error?

Imagine you're playing with your friends, and one of them knocks over a toy. If you think, "Wow, that friend is mean," that's blaming them for being mean. But maybe they knocked over the toy because it slipped out of their hands, or they were in a rush.

Fundamental attribution error is when people tend to think that someone's actions are because of who they are (like being mean), instead of thinking about what might be happening around them (like the toy slipping). It’s like jumping to the wrong conclusion about why someone did something, without knowing all the facts.

What is the Central Route of Persuasion?

Imagine you really want to choose the best ice cream flavor. The central route of persuasion is when you think carefully about the reasons why you want that ice cream. Maybe you think, "Chocolate is sweet, and I like how it tastes," or "Strawberry has a nice smell."

So, you make your decision by thinking about the good reasons. It’s like when you listen carefully and decide based on what you really think and feel. That’s what the central route of persuasion is—when you make up your mind by thinking about the reasons!

What is the Peripheral Route of Persuasion?

Imagine you want to pick a new toy, but you’re not really thinking about if it’s fun or if it’s good quality. Instead, you see a big picture of someone famous holding that toy, and you think, "Wow, that person is famous, so the toy must be awesome!"

That’s the peripheral route of persuasion. It’s when you decide about something not because of the actual thing itself, but because of other things like how it looks, who’s showing it, or how shiny it is. You’re kind of being persuaded by things that are not about the real reason—more like pictures or who is talking about it.

What are Cialdini’s strategies for Persuasion?

• Reciprocity

• Scarcity

• Authority

• Consistency

• Liking

• Social Proof

(Stay ready, come, and learn smart!)

What are the Nonverbal Communication forms?

• Facial Expressions

• Gestures

• Paralinguistic

• Body Language and Posture

(Friends, Gather, Play Brightly)

What is ethos?

Character

What is pathos?

Emotional

What is logos?

Logical

What are Allport’s States of Prejudice?

1. Anti-Locution

2. Avoidance

3. Discrimination

4. Physical Attack

5. Extermination

Example: Think of Nazi Germany, and the stages that they went through during the Holocaust.

(Always Aim Doing Progress Everyday)

What is Mood Contagion?

Imagine you're in a classroom and everyone is feeling really happy and smiling. Because everyone is happy, you start to feel happy too, even if you weren’t feeling that way before. That’s called mood contagion — it’s like feelings spreading from one person to another, kind of like how a funny laugh can make everyone else laugh too! So, when people around you are happy or sad, their feelings can "spread" to you just like a cold spreads, but with feelings instead.

What is Positive Herding?

Imagine you're at a playground, and you see a lot of kids running to swing. Because so many kids are running there, you also decide to run and join them, even if you didn't plan to at first. That's called positive herding — it’s when people follow what others are doing because it looks fun or good. So, when everyone is doing something, others want to do it too, just like copying your friends!

What is Cultural Pluralism?

Imagine a big box of crayons with lots of different colors. Each crayon color is special and different, but they all can be used together to make a pretty picture.

Cultural pluralism is kind of like that. It means that different groups of people, with their own traditions and ways of doing things, all live together happily. Instead of everyone being the same, each group keeps their special traditions, and they all share and get along nicely — just like the crayons working together to make a beautiful picture!

(Or as Mr McGurk called it, one big salad)

What are Superordinate Goals?

Imagine you and your friends want to build a big puzzle together. If each of you only wants to do your own part, it might take a long time. But if you all work together to finish the big puzzle, it helps everyone and makes the job easier.

A superordinate goal is like that big puzzle. It’s a goal that everyone wants to achieve together, so people work as a team and help each other. When everyone is working for the same big goal, it makes getting along and working together much easier!

What is Xenophobia?

The fear of foreigners or strangers

What is Mood Linkage?

Sure! Think about when your friend is feeling sad, and you start to feel sad too, even if you didn’t feel that way before. Or if your friend is really happy and smiling, you might start to feel happy and smile too.

That’s called mood linkage — it’s when feelings, like being happy or sad, jump from one person to another, kind of like a happy song spreading to everyone, or a sad feeling spreading around. So, when people are around each other, their feelings can connect and match, like they’re sharing the same mood!

What is Deindividuation?

Of course! Imagine you're playing a big game with lots of friends, and everyone is wearing masks so nobody can see their face. When you wear a mask, sometimes you might do things you wouldn’t normally do because no one can tell it’s you.

Deindividuation is kind of like that. When people feel like they aren’t being watched or they don’t see themselves as just one person, they might do things they wouldn’t normally do, like being extra silly or acting differently. It’s like hiding behind a mask so they feel more free to do things!

What is the False Consensus Effect?

Imagine you think that everyone in your class loves ice cream, so you say, "Everyone loves ice cream!" even if you’re not sure. Then, you see some friends don’t like ice cream, but you still think most people do because you guessed so.

False consensus is when you believe that most people think or do what you do, even if that’s not true. It’s like thinking everyone likes the same thing as you, even when they don’t!