Unit 6: imperialism 1750-1900s

Imperialism justification through nationalism

led imperial states into rivalries and to achieve great power status

Imperialism justification through scientific racism

scientific racism was the idea that humans can be ranked into bio classes based on race used to be religious division, now white vs non white, created practices to justify, like phrenology the study of skull sizes

imperial justification through social darwinism

said that if natural selection in nature then the west imperial powers have proven that their ways are better for global environment since they were richer, so if strong eat weak in nature same in society. imperialism natural

imperial justification through civilizing mission

west societies had the duty to bring their glory to lower societies through

-sending christian missionaries

-reorganizing to west style gov

-change to west style ed and supressing native culture

5 major methods of expansion

1. private to state control congo free state controlled by kind leopold, who forced them to work for rubber, after outrage belgium took controll. joint stock companies took over by state

2. diplomacy in africa: politocal ingreement thry talk not war scramble for africa at berlin conference

3. warfare in africa:france in debt to algeria who suplied wheat, france sent diplomat to ask for more time alg ruler hit diplomat so france took over algeria.

4. settler colonies: imperial powers take territory and have peeps to set outpost of own society australia/new zealand

5. conquering neighboring territories: us westward expansion, russia pan slavism, wanted to unite all slavic states, japan built empiire through korea+parts of china

Causes of resistance to imperial powers:

questions about political authority: imperial powers iintroduced west ideas cause of civilizing, introducing enlight, causing educated to question

growing nat: when imperialists tried to enforce new culture, sense of nat grew in conquered

direct resistance

Yaa asante war:Uk tried to conquer asante to get gold, golden stool was importsnt to asante and whoever sat on it was the leader so they tried to sit o iy queen yaa asante led peeps in rebellion brit eventually won

sepoy rebellion

a major uprising in India in 1857-58 against the British East India Company. It was fueled by cultural and religious sensitivities, economic grievances, and resentment towards British rule. The immediate trigger was the introduction of new rifle cartridges rumored to be greased with animal fat, violating religious beliefs of both Hindu and Muslim soldiers. led to british shutting down and taking over india from british stock company

new state creation:cherokee

thru westward expansion indians lost territory at first tried to assimilate but didnt work eventually forced to relocate, leading to the establishment of the Cherokee Nation and the Trail of Tears. nation had semiautonomous gov+judicial system

religious resistance to imperialism

xhosa cattle killing movement: british take xhosa territorty in africa until ot enough land to survive. cattle dying cause of diseases, religious movement under prophecy that said if they slaughtered cattle new healthy cattle would come and uk would leave. as a result starvation + more british takeover.

How did imperialism effect economy

colonizers needed raw materials, so transformed conquered peeps to export economies. also provided closed market for imperialist state. changed from substinence farming to more export. egypt cotton to uk, guano from atlantic islands. created economies dependent on impiralists.

economic imperialism

state control of other economy, spheres of influence in qing , port of buenos aires where uk invested and made port for trade, leading to dominance over local economies and resources.

Causes of migration

Pop explosionm rural migrating to cities to find jobs

Famine: Irish potato famine caused millions to immigrate or die

New Transport tech: More options with steamships and railroads, plus people could return.

Moving for work: could be forced, coerced, or free

Effects of migration

gender imbalance: Majority men seeking jobs left women to take on new roles

family structure changed: women became heads of household in south africa

increase of ethnic enclaves:Provided outposts of migrant cultures in new society where they did stuff like at home, familiarity, cultural diffusion

nativism:protecting interests pf natives over immigrants irish in us deemed lower chinese exclusion act banned chinese, australian policy stopped asian immigrants