Intervention Overview

Psychotherapy

Treatment of an individual's serious disorder of thought, cognition, emotional regulation, perception mood or memory that may seriously impair the individuals judgement, insight, behaviour, communication or social functioning

Ethical caring in therapy

Respect for dignity & rights, services within bounds of competence, upholding integrity in relationships & using evidence based practice

Respect for dignity & rights

Ensuring privacy, confidentiality, informed consent for treatments, right to choose or not choose treatment

Services within bounds of

Professional competence, training e experience; ongoing professional development

Upholding integrity in relationships by

Being honest, transparent, maintaining professional boundaries, avoiding conflicts of interest & dual relationships

Evidence-based practice (EBP)

Treatment grounded in research & cultural context

Most therapies have similar themes

However methods used to achieve them differ

Importance of belief

Self fulfilling prophecy: therapist & client's belief in therapy are key to developing hope & creating change

Defenses

Ways clients avoid/hide difficult feelings ( minimizing, blaming, changing topics, humour)

Short term psychodynamic therapy (STPT) focus

Identifying recurring unconscious conflicts , recognize defence mechanisms & discuss how relationships shaped these emotional reactions& coping

Therapists role in STPT

Offering interpretations & directions, inquiring significance behind actions: bringing out projected expectations & patterns

Short term psychodynamic therapy change

Occurs as client builds awareness through open discussion of coping patterns & experiences new ways of relating through therapeutic relationship

Humanistic view on problems

Result from an inconsistency between patients behaviours their true personal identity

Therapists role in humanistic therapy

Provides empathy, genuineness and unconditional positive regard to foster trust & openness. Summarize & reflect what is said so client can reflect

Humanistic therapy focus

Making client feel safe & accepted to encourage self-awareness & acceptance. Greater congruence between the real & ideal self

Patients role in humanistic

Experience a level of anxiety that motivates them to change & explore issues themself

Unconditional positive regard

Never criticizing patient , only express warmth & empathy creating an environment free of approval/disproved allowing patients to appreciate own valued belove in a way congruent with their identity

Specific treatment factors

Therapeutic techniques specific to the patient & the mental problem

Unspecific treatment factors

Therapy techniques that can be applied to anyone

Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) main idea

Thoughts, feelings /emotions & behaviours are all connected, changes in one area produce changes in the others

Clinical practice guidelines

Summary of clinically relevant research which is intended to provide clinicians with guidance in making decisions about service provision

Disciplinary practice guidelines

Provide guidelines within a specific field (CPA, APA)

Interdisciplinary practice guidelines

Provides guidelines for type of challenge/problem

Factors contributing to success of psychotherapy

Placebo/hope/expectancy, type of therapy, patient-therapist relationship, other uncontrollable factors

#1 reason people go to therapy

Understanding

Considerations for working with adults

Establish rapport, client autonomy & collaboration, developmental& life stage factors

Establishing rapport

Build a safe, non-judgemental space for client to share openly by using active listening, empathy & validation - being curious

Client autonomy & collaboration

Socialization to therapy, guide towards solution, respect their decision-making & self-determination & collaboratively set goals & interventions

Socialization to therapy

Get client used to therapeutic environment, processes I relationship

Developmental & life stage factors

Consider age-related transitions tensions changes & their implications to design helpful intervention that is possible / feasible within clients current life

Aspects of cognitive skills

Psychoeducation, identifying cognitive distortions, cognitive restructuring- modified self-talk, mindfulness, problem-solving I reality testing

Aspects of behavioural skills

Exposure hierarchies, behavioural activation, activity scheduling, relaxation training, skills training, role-playing

CBT for depression

Identifying biased/unhelpful thoughts, cognitive restructuring, behavioural activation, exposure to avoided activities & weekly assignments

Cognitive restructuring

Identifying & monitoring emergence of negative thinking patterns find evidence for & against & develop alternative thoughts using evidences

Therapists role in cognitive restructuring

Help point out when a person has a maladaptive thought so the client can eliminate/modify for a more adaptive

Maladaptive behaviour

Each time engage in behaviour, reinforce the validity of the maladaptive thought thus maintaining/perpetuating the psychological illness

Exposure hierarchy

Patient confronts a problematic situation & gradually fully engages in experience instead of avoiding to reduce fear associated with situation

Behavioural activation

Activity scheduling

Relaxation training

Transference

Patient may be displacing feelings for other people in their life onto the therapist

Countertransference

Therapist may displace their own emotions onto the patient

Mindfulness

Cultivate a nonjudgmental , attentive state bringing awareness to bodily sensations, thoughts & outside environment

Components of mindfulness

Self-regulation of attention & orientation towards present moment