Additional (40)

Quantitative Research

What is the systematic empirical investigation of an observed phenomenon through the use of statistical, mathematical, or computational methods?

Experimental Research

Which research design is used when the researcher wants to determine whether an intervention or treatment produces an effect on an outcome?

Independent Variable to Intervention/Treatment to Dependent Variable

What is the basic structural sequence of an experimental research design?

True

(True or False) In true experimental research, participants must be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups.

Experimental group

What specific term refers to the group in a true experimental study that receives the treatment or intervention?

Control group

What specific term refers to the group in a true experimental study that receives the conventional treatment or no treatment at all?

No random assignment

Which key feature distinguishes quasi-experimental research from true experimental research when assigning participants to groups?

Comparison group

What specific term refers to the group used as the basis for comparison in a quasi-experimental research setup?

Quasi-experimental group

(Situational) A researcher tests a new reading module using intact, pre-existing Grade 11 classroom sections without individual random assignment. What specific experimental design is being used?

Non-experimental research

What general type of quantitative research observes, measures, describes, compares, or examines existing conditions without manipulating an independent variable?

Correlational research

What type of non-experimental research focuses on determining whether variables are related without claiming cause and effect?

Is there a significant relationship between Variable X and Variable Y?

What is the core key question answered by correlational research?

False

(True or False) In a purely correlational study, a researcher can freely use terms like "cause," "effect," or "influence" when describing the main relationship.

Descriptive research

What type of non-experimental research focuses on describing what currently exists or what is happening without comparing groups or establishing causation?

What is happening? / What currently exists?

What is the core key question answered by descriptive research?

Comparative research

What type of non-experimental research involves comparing two or more groups on a specific variable to determine whether differences exist?

Is there a significant difference between the groups?

What is the core key question answered by comparative research?

Research gap

What element in a research paper represents the clear reason why the study needs to be conducted by identifying what is missing or unclear in existing literature?

False

(True or False) Stating "there are no studies about our topic" is a sufficient way to establish a valid research gap.

Empirical Gap

Which type of research gap exists when previous studies have different, inconsistent, or directly contradictory findings?

Conceptual Gap

Which type of research gap exists when previous studies have overlooked an important variable, concept, factor, or dimension?

Methodological gap

Which type of research gap exists when previous studies use limited, weak, or consistent methods that leave room for a new approach?

Demographic gap

Which type of research gap exists when certain groups or populations are underrepresented or have not been adequately studied in past literature?

Contextual gap

Which type of research gap exists when past studies were conducted in specific settings or institutions, leaving other settings less investigated?

Temporal gap

Which type of research gap exists when existing studies are old or outdated, making new research necessary due to changed social or technological conditions?

Practical gap

Which type of research gap exists when research findings, theories, or interventions have been proposed or recommended but never tested in an actual setting?

Measurable action verbs

What specific grammatical word class must research objectives begin with?

Avoided

(Situational) A researcher writes an objective stating: "To understand the feelings of students toward online homework." Is the verb "understand" acceptable or avoided in quantitative research objectives?

False

(True or False) Action verbs like "know," "appreciate," and "realize" are highly recommended for quantitative research objectives because they are clear and measurable.

Determine, assess, evaluate

Identify three recommended measurable action verbs for writing research objectives.

Statement of the Problem

What section of the research paper converts research objectives into specific, answerable research questions?

One objective equals one corresponding SOP question

What basic rule governs the quantitative alignment between research objectives and SOP questions?

Significant relationship

What precise two-word phrase must strictly accompany the word "relationship" when writing correlational SOP questions?

Significant difference

What precise two-word phrase must strictly accompany the word "difference" when writing comparative SOP questions?

Included the statistical test in the SOP

(Situational) A student writes an SOP question: "Is there a significant relationship between daily screen time and academic stress using Pearson r?" What formatting error was committed?

True

(True or False) The Statement of the Problem should primarily investigate the research problem rather than immediately ask for or propose a solution.

It cannot be quantified

(Situational) An SOP asks: "Why do Senior High School students feel that social media causes anxiety?" Why is this question inappropriate for a quantitative SOP?

Experimental research

What type of research design uses the SOP starter: "Does the intervention have a significant effect on the dependent variable?"

What is the pretest performance

What SOP question starter is used to evaluate initial student performance prior to an intervention in true experimental research?

What is the posttest performance

What SOP question starter is used to evaluate student performance after an intervention has been administered in true experimental research?