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Macule
Flat, circumscribed color change on the skin, less than 1 cm.
Papule
Elevated, solid lesion less than 1 cm.
Patch
Flat, irregularly shaped macule greater than 1 cm.
Plaque
Elevated, plateau-like lesion greater than 1 cm.
Nodule
Elevated, firm lesion greater than 1 cm, deeper than a papule.
Wheal
Transient, raised, erythematous lesion with irregular borders.
Tumor
Large solid mass greater than 2 cm, typically neoplastic.
Vesicle
Small fluid-filled elevated lesion less than 1 cm.
Bulla
Large fluid-filled lesion greater than 1 cm.
Cyst
Encapsulated lesion containing fluid or semi-solid material.
Pustule
Raised lesion filled with pus, often due to bacterial infection.
Crust
Dried exudate on the skin surface, which may include dried serum, blood, or pus.
Scale
Flakes of dead skin resulting from excessive keratin shedding.
Fissure
Linear crack or break in the skin, often due to dryness or trauma.
Erosion
Loss of superficial epidermis, typically moist in appearance.
Ulcer
Deeper loss of skin that can bleed or scar.
Excoriation
Self-inflicted abrasion on the skin, often from scratching.
Scar
Fibrous tissue replacing injured skin during healing.
Atrophic Scar
Thinned, depressed scar resulting from collagen loss.
Lichenification
Thickened, rough skin due to chronic rubbing.
Keloid
Raised scar extending beyond the site of an injury due to excessive collagen formation.
Herpes Zoster
Painful grouped vesicles along a nerve, caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus.
Erythema Migrans
Expanding bull’s-eye rash associated with Lyme disease.
Labial Herpes Simplex
Painful vesicles on lips caused by HSV-1 infection.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Pearly, translucent papule with telangiectasia associated with UV radiation.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Scaly, erythematous patch or nodule often related to UV radiation.
Malignant Melanoma
Asymmetric, irregular borders and color variation, associated with UV exposure.
Toxic Alopecia
Sudden, diffuse hair loss due to chemotherapy or illness.
Tinea Capitis
Scaly patches with hair loss, typically caused by a fungal infection.
Traction Alopecia
Hair loss due to tension from hairstyles.
Hirsutism
Excessive hair growth in females, often due to hormonal imbalances.
Beau Lines
Transverse grooves or depressions in nails due to trauma or systemic disease.
Splinter Hemorrhages
Thin, longitudinal red/brown lines in nails often due to trauma or endocarditis.
Onychomycosis
Thickened, brittle, discolored nails resulting from fungal infections.
Pitting
Small depressions in the nail surface, commonly associated with psoriasis.
Late Clubbing
Bulbous enlargement of distal fingers due to chronic hypoxia.
Habit-Tic Dystrophy
Central longitudinal groove in nails caused by habitual picking.