IHUM 202 Test 2

6 Characteristics of the Age of Enlightenment

1. Reason

2. Science

3. Respect for Humanity

4. Consideration of Cultural Relativism

5. Examination of The Status Quo

6. Philosophies

What is the motto?

“Dare to know” -Kant

Define Enlightenment

An abiding faith in the power of reason

3 Enlightenment Topics Scrutinized

1. The authority of the church

2. Divine right of kings

3. Privilege of the aristocracy

Where does a person get knowledge?

Tabula Rasa (Nurture and create talents)

A Priori (Nature, Talents we were born with)

What is the Deism?

All religions can be reduced to worshiping God.

Moral Metaphor: God as the Clockmaker

“Worship God and Be Moral”

Who is Voltaire

“We must cultivate our gardens”

“Ecrazes I’nfame” -Crush the status quo

Who hated Voltaire?

He poked fun at the Royal Family

What did Rousseau do for the age of enlightenment?

The rate of all citizens to participate equally in national affairs.

“God makes all things good, and man meddles with them and they become evil."

What does liberty by law mean?

Through agreed-upon laws, we create a better freedom. We are more protected and free.

Mary Wallstonecraft

What is important about her writing?

True liberty required equal rights and education for women.

Independence and self-respect for everyone.

French Revolution

1789-1793

Causes of the French Revolution

1. Emerging press, expose financial difficulties channelling hostility towards aristocracy.

2. Philosophies of enlightenment, change is possible.

3. Rousseau - the right of all two equally participate in national affairs.

Quests of the revolution

Three word calling card.

Liberte (Liberty)

Egalite (Equality)

Fraternite (Brotherhood)

Quests of the revolution

Overthrow what?

Install what?

Overthrow Aristocracy

Will of the people in place of the King

What is the woman's raid on Versailles?

Aristocracy use flour for wigs.

Women needed flour for food.

She fainted for lack of food.

What is the storming of Bastille?

What is the reign of terror?

40,000-50,000 killed

They killed the aristo families.

Jean-Paul Marat

Worked to exterminate the Girodins.

Leader of the Sanscoulotte.

Assassinated in his bathtub.

Charlotte Corday

Killed Marat.

“I killed one man to save 100,000”

Believed that king Louis shouldn’t be executed.

Louis XVI (16)

He didn’t want to be king.

Wanted to live the rich life in bliss.

Marie Antoinette

“Let them eat cake"

Symbol of Monarchy’s excess

Napolean

Emperor of France

He liked to look bigger than he was. 5’ 10”

Neoclassicism Time Period

(1789-1814)

2 Contributing factors to Neoclassicism

1. Excavations of Pompeii

2. French Revolution

Characteristics of Neoclassicism

Taking a second look at Ancient Rome and Greece

Who was David?

David painted for many leaders.

Death of Marat - David

Vertical and horizontal lines

Oath of the Horatii - David

Portrait of Napolean - David

Coronation of Josephine - David

Napolean Crossing the Alps at Saint Bernard

What did Napoleon want to be known for.

What did Napoleon Commission?

1. The Arc di Triomphe

   • Relief Sculpture is part of the surface.

   • High relief sticks off the surface.

2. Church of the Madeline

Classical Era in Music

(1750-1814)

What was developed in the Classical ERA

Pianoforte invented

What was emphasised in Classical ERA

PERFECTION IN FORM

What did Mozart do?

1st Symphony at 9, “Salzburg Symphony No. 1”

1st Opera at 12

Mozarts Works

CLASSICAL ERA

626 Works

“Requim” - Mass for the Dead

"Die Zauberflote" - The Magic Flute

Who is the Father of Romanticism

Rousseau

Romantic ERA dates

(1800-1848)

Romantic ERA themes

1. Nature

2. Noble Savage

3. Nationalism

4. Individualism

5. Interest in the Occult

6. Isolation and the Inner Journey

7. Creed

8. Emotion

NNNIIICE

Nature

“God makes things good… man makes them evil.”

Emotion

Thought begins in feeling. Imagination.

Noble Savage

primitive = pure

Individualism

Test for truth is an inner test.

Creed

"Any place but here, anytime but now."

Interest in the Occult

The feminine, the Irrational, threaten the status quo

Isolation and the inner Journey

Greater self understanding, deeper connection

Nationalism

More pride in heritage than personal beliefs.

“We as a nation are stronger together, when I am strongest by myself”

Who is Balzac, how is it romantic

Romantic ERA

He wrote “The Passion in the Dessert”

The perfect nature.

Creed, Any place but here.

Beethoven

Romantic ERA

The Bridge between Neoclassical and Romantic ERAS

9 Symphonies

“5th Symphony” - Hand of fate knocking at his door.

Liszt

Romantic ERA

Massive Cut Hands

Hungarian - Hungarian Rhapsody

Piano Virtuoso

Chopin

Romantic ERA

Small, Weak and Sick

Piano Virtuoso

Song “Wandering Right Hand”

French Polish

Draws inspiration from natural storms foreshadowing the future.

Paganini

Romantic ERA

Italian (First Rockstar)

Violin Virtuoso

“24 Caprices” inspired others

Sold his soul to the devil

Francisco de Goya Special Painting

Romantic ERA

Saturn Devouring His Son

Saturn Devouring His Son

Romantic ERA

“Executions on the 3rd of May, 1808”

Romantic ERA

Los Caprichos

“The Sleep of Reason”

Romantic ERA

Richard Wagner

Romantic ERA

Musikdramen (Dramatic Music)

Gesamtkunstwerk (The total work of art)

Leitmotiv (For emotion or to introduce a character)

The Best Opera from Wagner

Romantic ERA

Der Ring de Nibelungen

Delacroix

Romantic Painter

“Liberty Leading the People”

“Liberty Leading the People” - Delacroix

Romantic ERA

“The Raft of the Medusa” - Gerucault

Romantic ERA

The Romantic Hero

Has been rejected by society, Is the center of their own existence, and Faces perilous quests with honor and courage.

Self Authorship

“The internal capacity to define one’s beliefs, identity, and social relations".”

Who wrote theory of Self Authorship

Baxter Magolda

Three parts of the theory of Self Authorship

1. beliefs

2. identity

3. social relations

The Four stages of knwoing

1. Absolute Knowing

2. Transitional Knowing

3. Independent Knowing

4. Contextual Knowing

1. Absolute Knowing

To view knowledge at certain from teachers and authority.

(they are all knowing)

2. Transitional Knowing

Realizing that authorities are not all knowing.

• Interpersonal Knowing: Interact to gather ideas

• Impersonal Knowing: A desire to be forced to think, preference for debate.

3. Independent Knowing

Consider most knowledge to be uncertain

• explores knowledge

• independent thinking

4. Contextual Knowing

Determines legitimacy of knowledge contextually.

• All NEEDS supporting evidence.

Crossroads in the theory of self Authorship

When you discover that you need to establish new plans.

Realize other peoples ideas are limiting on your potential.

Internal foundation of the theory of self Authorship

Those who here are grounded in their own self-determined belief system.

They are open to change.

Experience peace, contentment, and inner strength.

Age of Realism

1848-1869

Courbet

Realism

“Pavilion of Realism” (1848-1869)

“The Stone Cutters”

Realism

“The Stone Cutters”

Courbet

Realism

“Bar at the folies Gergere”

Manet

Realism

“The Lions of Paris”

Degas

Realism

“The Absinthe Drinker”

Degas

Realism

“The Little Dancer”

Degas

Realism

“The Tub”

Degas

Karl Marx

(1819-1883)

The Communist Manafesto

Society without class, personal property, or currency

Charles Darwin

(1802-1882)

On the Origin of Species

“The STRUGGLE of existence”

Charles Darwin Quotes

“A glimmer of truth sparks philosophical infernos”

He feared people would use his writings to negate Gods existance

What did Wallstone craft write

Vindication of the rights of woman

Beethovens life

1770-1827

Napoleon Deposed

1814

to stand in a natural pose, weight on one leg

Contraposta

Storming bastille date

July 14, 1789

The embarkation for cythera

rococo ERA

Watteau

Rococo ERA

fragonard

the swing