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foal
young horse; usually still nursing from dam
weanling
young horse after being weaned from dam
colt
young male foal
filly
young female foal
mare
female horse of breeeding age
madien mare
mare than has never had a foal
brood mare
mare used for breeding purposes; has had at least one foal
foaling
mare giving birth to foal
stallion
male of breeding age (may or may not be used for breeding
gelding
castrated male horse
herd
group of horses
How are herds of horses composed
have distinct social hiearchy (pecking order) with alpha
Who is usually the alpha in a herd
a mare
What are the roles of the alpha mare and stallion
alpha mare determines where the group is going and stallion helps move herd from the back
Why does it make sense that pecking order of horses be fairly stable once established
fighting increases injury and it not worth it in terms of energy expenditure
Calm horse behaviors
soft eye, soft neck, quiet tail, grazing
Irritated/aggressive horse behavior
present hind quarters, pin ears back, hard eyes, braced neck, bite, flare to nostrils, striking (front legs)/kicking (hind legs), ringing of tail
How large is the flight zone of the horse
15-20 ft
How do we measure horse height
in hands
How large is one hand
4 inches
Cold-bloods/draft horses
larger bone and body structure; necessary for pulling heavy weight, docile and even-tempered
What type of nose do cold bloods have and why
roman due to evoling in cold places so air warms before hitting lungs
Examples of cold bloods
friesians, american cream, clydesdale
Up to where do we measure for measuring height of horse
up to the withers
hot bloods
generally have lighter bodies; multiple uses but have great stamina, can be sensitive and might be hard-keepers
What nose do hot bloods have and why
dish shaped to reduce dust intake and from evolving in warm places
Examples of hot bloods
Arabian and thoroughbred
Warm bloods
consist of specific breeds, but many were started by breeding cold and hot blooded horses. resulted in horse breeeds with medium body sizes and still heavy bones and great temperaments. used for jumping, eventing, dressage, riding
Examples of warm bloods
selle francais, trakehner
How many horse breeds are there
over 200
horses vs ponies
horses must be less than 14.2 hands
How many chromosomes do horses and ponies have
64
Why are colors important in the equine field
because they are used to identify horses
Black color
all black, can have a few white markings, tail will be completely black
Chesnut/Sorrel
body of any shade of red ranging from very dark (liver chesnut) to bright red (red sorrel) to very light red (blond sorrel)
Bay
darker brown with black legs and brown hair around eyes
Grey
can look almost white to a darker grey
What points do we look at to determine what color a horse is
around the face, mane, tail, and lower legs
How fast do horse's hooves grow
1/4 to 1/2 inch per month
How often should horse's hooves be trimmed
every 6-8 weeks
Shod/shoed
horse will have horsehsoes on bottom of hooves - made out of many materials for many different purposes
How much will a horse drink a day
5-10 gallons
How should water be avaliable to hoses
clean and avaiable ad libitum
What type of digestive structure due horses have
monogastric
How much of their body weight do horses eat per day
1.5-3.5%
What makes up the majority of the horse diet
forages
What affects the range of how much a horse eats per day
breed, size, physiological state, and usage
What type of horses should concentrates be fed to in small amounts
hard-working horses (athletes or lactating mares)
Do horses have large or small stomachs
small
What do horses do constantly over 18 hours of the day
graze
Why do horses have such sensitive stomachs
they cannot vomit
Should you give a large amount of feed to a horse
no
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