Social and Political Issues

Human Rights

Standards that recognize and protect the dignity of all human beings.

Human Dignity

The belief that all people hold a special value tied solely to their humanity.

Five Principles of Human Rights

Universal, Inherent, Inalienable, Indivisible, Interrelated.

Freedom-based Human Rights

Rights that deal more with civil and political rights, enabling social freedom and equality.

Needs-based Human Rights

Rights that focus on social and economic needs, providing equal opportunity for material needs.

Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights

Rights including employment, social protection, adequate living standards, and education.

Civil and Political Rights

Rights such as equality before the law, fair trial, freedom of thought, and participation in public affairs.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

A document created by the United Nations in 1948 to promote freedom and better life standards.

Inequality

The phenomenon of unequal and/or unjust distribution of resources and opportunities in society.

Equality

The state of being equal in resources or opportunities for individuals or groups.

Equity

Recognizes different circumstances and allocates resources needed to achieve equal outcomes.

Justice

Fixes systems to ensure long-term sustainable, equitable access for future generations.

Gender Inequality

Disparities between women and men in access and opportunities in various spheres.

Economic Inequality

Disparity in income, wealth, and opportunity among individuals or groups.

Race and Ethnicity Inequality

Differential access to opportunities based on race or ethnic identification.

Educational Inequality

Unequal distribution of educational resources leading to disparities in academic success.

Inequality of Outcomes

Focuses on material wealth and living conditions as measures of success.

Inequality of Opportunities

Centers on the actual opportunities available for individuals to pursue their chosen lives.

SDGs Addressing Inequalities

Goals such as No Poverty, Zero Hunger, Quality Education, and Reduced Inequalities.