Mental Disorders and Treatment Approaches

Set of flashcards focusing on key terms and definitions related to mental disorders and their treatment approaches.

Somatogenic hypothesis

Mental disorders have physiological causes.

Psychogenic hypothesis

Symptoms are caused by psychological processes.

Biopsychosocial model

Health and illness caused by the interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors.

Diathesis-stress model

Disorders arise from a combination of an individual's genetic or biological predisposition (diathesis) and a trigger (stress).

Mental disorder

Dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that interfere with daily life.

Psychotic symptoms

Delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations (perceiving things not there).

Positive symptoms

Any change in behavior or thoughts, including hallucinations or delusions.

Negative symptoms

Absence or lack of normal function.

Psychotherapy

Treatment that involves talking with a mental care provider.

Psychodynamic therapies

A family of treatment approaches that descended from psychotherapy.

Existential and humanistic traditions

Focus on individual's subjective experience, freedom of choice, maximum potential, and self-acceptance.

Behavior therapists

View negative behavior as a problem to be solved; all behaviors are a result of learning.

Cognitive therapy

Focuses on what people think rather than what they do.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Identifies and modifies negative or unhelpful thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Mindfulness

Cultivating a nonjudgmental and attentive mental state; awareness and focusing on bodily state.

Meta-analysis

Combining results across multiple trials to see whether treatment works.

Eclecticism

Drawing on multiple perspectives; tailoring an approach to a specific person.

Confirmation bias

Tendency to favor certain information or beliefs.

Illusory correlation

Tendency to perceive causal relationships when there are none.

Bias blind spot

Inclination to perceive biases in others but not ourselves.

Biomedical treatment

Physiological interventions, like medications and medical procedures.

Electroconvulsive therapy

Using electrical current to induce seizures to help alleviate the effects of mental disorders.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Painless application of repeated electromagnetic pulses.

Deep brain stimulation

Involves surgically implanting a brain pacemaker that sends out electrical impulses to specific areas of the brain.