Invasive Algae and Sea Grass Overview

A collection of flashcards focused on invasive algae and sea grass, covering key species, their origins, ecological impacts, and distinctions.

What is the second biggest threat to global biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, after habitat destruction?

The introduction of non-native species.

How much of the exotic species introduced have been studied to determine their ecological impacts?

Only about 6%.

What are direct and indirect effects of invasive species on coastal ecosystems?

Direct effects include competition for substratum and nutrients; indirect effects may include habitat creation, changes in predator/prey assemblages, and alterations in water movement.

When and where was Zostera japonica first discovered?

In Washington in 1957.

What are the characteristics of Zostera japonica compared to native Zostera marina?

Z. japonica has shorter, narrower blades and greater shoot density.

What are some ecological impacts of Zostera japonica invasions?

Changes in physical habitat, declines in shorebird foraging habitats, and alterations in nutrient fluxes.

What is Sargassum muticum, and where is it originally from?

Sargassum muticum is a species of algae native to southeastern Asia and Japan.

How did Sargassum muticum likely get transported to the west coast of the United States?

As an accidental tag-along or packing material with the introduction of Japanese pacific oyster for aquaculture.

What impacts can Sargassum muticum have on native ecosystems?

It can reduce available light for other algae, out-compete native kelp species for space, and foul commercial fishing lines.

What is a significant reproductive advantage of Sargassum horneri?

It matures early, has both male and female components, and can self-fertilize.

Where was Sargassum horneri first collected in the U.S.?

Long Beach Harbor in 2003.

What is Codium fragile known for in terms of its ecological impact?

It fouls shellfish beds, causes nuisance on beaches, and alters benthic communities.

What habitat does Caulacanthus ustulatus/okamurae establish in Southern California?

It is established in areas that may be better habitats than bare rock.

What ecological role does Gracilaria vermiculophylla play in South Carolina?

It provides habitat for small crustaceans.

What important point did the study guide emphasize about Z. japonica and Z. marina?

Know how to tell them apart, their distribution, and ecological effects.

What should be known about Sargassum species mentioned in the study guide?

Know the two invasive species, their introduced decades and vectors, and the species they threaten to outcompete.

What genus is mentioned as a concern for possible invasion into Oregon?

Kelp.