ESSC 102 Unit 3 Mini Test (Dr.Welch, SELU)

______ is our ONLY source of information for distant objects (the broader universe)

Light

What is light?

an electromagnetic wave that behave like a particle

Nothing travels faster than the speed of

light

Repeat distance

Wavelength

Visible light has ___ wavelengths

small

Frequency is measured in

Hertz

The speed of light in a vacuum is

300,000 km/s

The formula for speed of light is?

Wavelength x frequency

Colors to which the human eye is sensitive is referred to as the ______ with the color determined by the lights ______

visible light spectrum, wavelength

The longest visible wavelength

Red, 700nm

The shortest visible wavelength

Violet 400nm

Electromagnetic Spectrum is made up of

radio waves, microwaves, infrared gamma rays, UV rays, x rays

Shortest wavelength in the Electromagnetic Spectrum is

gamma rays

What are ways light interacts with matter?

Emission, Absorption, Transmission, Reflection/Scattering

Stars __ light

emit

An example of lights interaction with matter determining what we see is the answer to "Why is the Earth blue?'

The Earth's atmosphere scatters blue light more effectively than red light because blue wavelengths are shorter

The sun appears red at sunset because?

The sun is at a different angle to the blue light is reflected through space instead of through the earth

Passing light through a prism makes a

Spectrum

The word spectrum means

Phantom in Latin

You can learn more about an object when it has a _____ and ______

emission line and absorption line

When passing light through a prism, you can notice what in the spectrum?

the missing elements

Hot objects produce a

continuous spectrum

What is a continuous spectrum?

light emitted at all wavelengths

What is created when atoms in gas absorb light if certain wavelengths producing lines in the spectrum

absorption line spectrum

What is created when atoms in a gas cloud reemit absorbed light energy at the same wavelengths at which they absorbed it?

Emission line spectrum

We can determine what things from the light of an object?

Chemical composition, temperature, and doppler motion

When matter is heated, electrons move _____ levels

energy

Electrons moving either up or down energy levels creates a unique

spectral fingerprint

A spectral fingerprint is expressed as _____ and _____ lines in an object's spectrum

emission and absorption

Temperature and ____ correlate

color

What color is the coolest?

red

As you increase the temperature of an object the wavelength gets

shorter

Wien's law states

increasing temperature decreases wavelength

Absolute 0 on the Kelvin scale means

the particles have completely quit moving

The sun supposedly can reach up to

15 million Kelvin

When matter becomes so hot, the particles are no longer repulsed by each other because they are moving so fast they can slam into each other and become

one

Short wavelength have a _____ pitch

higher

Long wavelength have a _____ pitches

lower

Redshift occurs when an object is moving ______ from you

away

Blue shift occurs when an object is moving _____ you

toward

If we could see an asteroid crashing into earth it would be

blue shift

If we could see an asteroid moving away from earth it would be

red shift

The light from all other galaxies in the universe outside of the milkyway is red shifted meaning

the galaxies are moving away from us

A light year is a unit of

distance NOT time

Speed of light is

300,000 km/s

The sun is _____ away from earth

8.3 light MINUTES

The moon is _____ away from earth

1.3 light SECONDS

We can only ever see how the sun looked

8 minutes ago

The further we look away from our planet, the further we

travel back in time

We cannot see more than 13.7 billion light years away from earth because we would be looking back to

before the universe was formed

The most important thing a telescope can do is

collect more light than your eyes

Telescopes use _______ or _______ to focus light

mirror, lenses

What is needed for Collecting Power of a telescope?

Light

What is needed for Focusing Power of a telescope?

Mirrors or Lenses

What is needed for Resolving Power of a telescope?

Lenses and Magnification

________ telescopes are better

Reflecting

________ telescopes take light from a distant object and bend in down to your eye piece

Refracting

Refracting telescopes are best for objects that

produce their own light

_________ telescopes collect more light and bounce them down to your eyepiece off of mirrors

Reflecting

Why do we put telescopes in space?

To avoid light pollution, to avoid turbulence/twinkling, and because our atmosphere absorbs most of the electromagnetic spectrum

Light from stars twinkle because

it has to make its way through our moving atmosphere

Telescopes are NOT put in space to be closer to the stars, the whole point is to

get away from our atmosphere

Cold gas clouds radio in the ____ waves

radio

Dust clouds radiate in the _____ waves

infrared

Hot gasses around black holes emit _____ waves

x rays

We can see a lot of the galaxy by being able to detect

the non visible wavelengths

Hubble telescope is pretty much just

a ground base telescope, but better

EVE captures ____ light

UV

Spizer captures

heat/infrared

Chandra captures

X rays

James Webb Telescope 2018 will work in ____ and produce ____

infrared, optical pictures

Hubble telescope has been in space since

the early 2000s

The sun is very similar to

all the other stars in the universe

Our sun is just special to us because

it is closest to us

Our sun is just

a ball of hot gas bound by gravity

Our sun is made of

hydrogen and helium and trace amount of other elements like calcium and potassium

What keeps our sun going?

fusion

Every second our sun converts 600 million tons of Hydrogen into 596 million tons of Helium, that missing 4 million of material

powers and heat ours planet and solar system

Our sun shines not because it is on fire, but because it is powered by

nuclear energy FUSION

Atomic number

number of protons in nucleus

Atomic Mass

number of protons and neutrons in nucleus

Taking protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an item and combining them to make something bigger

Fusion

Splitting the atom

fission

The atomic bomb is

fission

Our sun uses what (fusion or fission)

Fusion

Our sun is a ____ mass star

low

Proton Proton Chain

fusing four hydrogen nuclei into one Helium nuclei

What does the equation of Proton Proton Chain look like?

4H =>1 He + energy

We can figure out the rate of fusion in our sun by counting

neutrinos

CNO cycle

high mass main sequence stars fuse H to He at a higher rate using Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen as catalysts/fuel (runs out of fuel faster)

Our sun is stable because of

fusion which pushes out on the gravity

Gravity and Fusion create ____ with our sun

gravitational equilibrium

A flow of charged particles from the surface of the sun

Solar Wind

Outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere

Corona

Middle layer of the sun's solar atmosphere that is the first part in the visible light spectrum

Chromosphere

Visible surface of the sun, 5,800K

Photosphere

Why is the sun yellow?

because the surface/Photosphere is 5,800K

Energy is transported upward by rising hot gas

Convection Zone

Energy Transported upward by photons

Radiation Zone

10% most centralized part of the sun and is the hottest, energy generated by nuclear fusion 15 million K

Core