P3.1 General properties of waves

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8 Terms

1
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Label features of transverse wave

  • Amplitude: maximum disturbance caused by a wave (determines loudness)

  • Wavelength: distance between any point on a wave and the equivalent point on the next

    • Crest/peak: highest point of a wave

    • Troughs: lowest point of a wave

  • Frequency: the number of waves passing a fixed point per second (determines pitch)

  • Period: the time taken for one oscillation

<ul><li><p>Amplitude: maximum disturbance caused by a wave (determines loudness)</p></li><li><p>Wavelength: distance between any point on a wave and the equivalent point on the next</p><ul><li><p>Crest/peak: highest point of a wave</p></li><li><p>Troughs: lowest point of a wave</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Frequency: the number of waves passing a fixed point per second (determines pitch)</p></li><li><p>Period: the time taken for one oscillation</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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What is the direction of oscillation in a transverse wave?

  • Perpendicular (at a right angle) to the direction of propagation

3
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Examples of transverse waves

  • Electromagnetic radiation waves

  • Water waves

  • Seismic secondary waves

  • Waves in ropes

4
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Label features of a longitudinal wave

  • Compression: regions where the particles of the wave are closest together

    • Have high pressure and high density

  • Rarefaction: regions where the particles of the wave are spread farther apart

    • Have low pressure and low density

<ul><li><p>Compression: regions where the particles of the wave are closest together</p><ul><li><p>Have high pressure and high density</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Rarefaction: regions where the particles of the wave are spread farther apart</p><ul><li><p>Have low pressure and low density</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
5
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What is the direction of oscillation in a longitudinal wave?

  • Parallel to the direction of propagation

6
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Examples of longitudinal waves

  • Sound waves

  • Seismic primary waves

  • Compression waves in springs

7
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What is the equation for wave speed?

velocity (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)

or v = fλ

<p>velocity (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)</p><p>or <span><span>v = fλ</span></span></p>
8
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Describe wave refraction

  • When waves hit a boundary with a different medium, it changes speed, wavelength and direction (depending on angle it hits medium at), but frequency stays the same