Histological Tissue Types: Epithelial Tissues

Flashcards covering classification, morphological features, basement membrane characteristics, cell junctions, tissue locations, and related clinical conditions like Bullous Keratopathy.

In Greek, the word "histos" means __________.

tissue

Histology is defined as the study of __________.

tissue

The most common stain used in histology and pathology is the __________ stain.

Hematoxylin and Eosin

In an H&E stain, Hematoxylin stains cell nuclei __________.

blue

In an H&E stain, Eosin stains cytoplasm __________.

pink

Hydrophobic structures rich in lipids tend to remain __________ during H&E staining.

clear

An example of a hydrophobic, lipid-rich structure that remains clear in H&E staining is __________.

adipocytes

The four basic types of animal tissue are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and __________ tissue.

nervous

Sheets of cells lining internal or external surfaces of the body are known as __________ tissues.

Epithelial

Epithelia that line all body surfaces and cavities are classified as __________ epithelia.

surface

Exocrine and endocrine glands represent epithelial tissue configured as __________ organs.

solid

Epithelial tissue is characterized by a __________ renewal rate.

rapid

Epithelial cell polarity means cells have distinct apical and __________ domains.

basal

The __________ surface of an epithelial cell is exposed to the outside or luminal space.

apical

The basal side of an epithelial cell is attached to the underlying __________.

basement membrane

The lateral surfaces of epithelial cells are attached to __________.

other epithelial cells

The basement membrane is a specialized sheet-like extracellular matrix that anchors epithelial cells to underlying __________ tissue.

connective

Blood vessels __________ transverse the basement membrane.

never

Because blood vessels do not cross the basement membrane, epithelial cells depend on __________ from supporting tissues.

diffusion

Keratins are intermediate filament proteins exclusively expressed by __________ cells.

epithelial

Within epithelial cells, keratins make up the cytoskeleton and anchor desmosomes and __________.

hemidesmosomes

Epithelia consisting of a single layer of cells are classified as __________ epithelia.

simple

Epithelia consisting of two or more layers of cells are classified as __________ epithelia.

stratified

Simple epithelia are involved in diffusion, absorption, and secretion, but provide no support to __________.

abrasion

The primary general function of stratified epithelia is __________.

protection

Thin, flat epithelial cells that look like fish scales are called __________ cells.

squamous

Cuboidal epithelial cells appear square from a side view and __________ from a top view.

polygonal

The nucleus of a cuboidal epithelial cell is typically located in the __________ of the cell.

center

Columnar epithelial cells have nuclei located towards the __________ of the cell.

base

Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of tightly packed cells with __________.

interdigitations

A primary function of simple squamous epithelium is gaseous exchange, nutrient exchange, and __________.

fluid transport

Simple squamous epithelium lining blood and lymph conduits is called __________.

endothelium

Simple squamous epithelium lining body cavity membranes is called __________.

mesothelium

Simple squamous epithelium can be found in the pulmonary alveoli and the nephron loop of the __________.

kidney

Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in kidney tubules, mammary glands, and __________ gland ducts.

sweat

The primary functions of simple cuboidal epithelium are secretion and __________.

absorption

Simple columnar epithelial cells have a variable height depending on their __________ state.

metabolic

Non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium lines much of the digestive tract, including the stomach, gall bladder, small intestine, and __________.

large intestine

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium is found in the bronchi, bronchioles, and the __________ reproductive tract.

female

Stratified squamous non-keratinized (SSNK) epithelium lines moist surfaces such as the mouth, esophagus, vagina, and __________.

cornea

Stratified squamous keratinized (SSK) epithelium forms the __________ of the skin.

epidermis

Stratified cuboidal epithelium lines the ducts of salivary glands and __________ glands.

sweat

Stratified columnar epithelium is found lining the __________ of the eye.

conjunctiva

In pseudostratified columnar epithelium, all cells rest on the basal lamina, but only some cells reach the __________.

surface

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is typically found lining the __________ tract.

respiratory

Another common anatomical location where pseudostratified columnar epithelium is found is the male __________.

epididymis

Transitional epithelium is also known as __________ epithelium.

urinary

When the urinary bladder is empty, superficial cells of transitional epithelium appear large and __________.

dome-shaped

Superficial cells in transitional epithelium may sometimes contain $2$ __________.

nuclei

When the bladder is distended, transitional epithelium changes shape from cuboidal to __________.

squamous

Corneal endothelium cells exhibit a __________ shape when viewed from above.

hexagonal

The main role of corneal endothelium is the transport of nutrients into the __________ cornea.

avascular

Bullous Keratopathy (BK) causes corneal clouding due to edema in the __________ of the cornea.

stroma

Corneal stroma edema in Bullous Keratopathy results from failure of the corneal endothelium to maintain the normally __________ state of the cornea.

dehydrated

In Bullous Keratopathy, subepithelial fluid-filled __________ form on the corneal surface.

bullae

Rupture of corneal bullae can allow bacteria to invade, leading to a corneal __________.

ulcer

The most common cause of Bullous Keratopathy is __________ corneal endothelial dystrophy.

Fuchs

Besides Fuchs dystrophy, Bullous Keratopathy can also be caused by corneal endothelial __________.

trauma

Medical treatment for mild to moderate Bullous Keratopathy includes topical __________ agents.

dehydrating

The curative treatment for Bullous Keratopathy is corneal __________.

transplantation

Aside from nuclei, Hematoxylin also stains rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, collagen, myelin, elastic fibers, and acid __________.

mucins

Two examples of hydrophobic structures that remain clear on H&E stain are myelin around neuron axons and __________ membranes.

Golgi apparatus

The basement membrane consists of two primary layers: the lamina lucida and the lamina __________.

densa

Pathological conditions such as diabetes and __________ can affect the thickness and permeability of the basement membrane.

HTN

The adhesive structure connecting epithelial cells to the basement membrane is called a __________.

hemidesmosome

The cell junction that forms a belt-like adhesive structure between neighboring epithelial cells is the adherens junction, also known as the adhesive __________.

belt

Cell junctions that allow direct intercellular chemical communication between adjacent epithelial cells are __________ junctions.

gap

Respiratory epithelium is classified morphologically as ciliated __________ columnar epithelium.

pseudostratified

Unlike pseudostratified columnar cells, true stratified columnar epithelial cells are not __________.

ciliated

Transitional epithelium lines the renal calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, and the proximal portion of the __________.

urethra