Anatomy and Physiology Basics

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Anatomy

1 / 41

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

42 Terms

1

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body, including the shapes, sizes, and relationships of different parts (organs, tissues, and cells).

New cards
2

Physiology

The study of the function of the body’s parts and how they work together to sustain life.

New cards
3

Chemical Level

Atoms combine to form molecules, which are the building blocks of all matter (e.g., water, proteins, carbohydrates).

New cards
4

Cellular Level

Cells are the basic units of life with specific structures and functions (e.g., muscle cells, nerve cells).

New cards
5

Tissue Level

Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a common function (e.g., epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous tissues).

New cards
6

Organ Level

Made up of different tissues working together to perform specific functions

New cards
7

Organ System Level

Groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions (e.g., cardiovascular system).

New cards
8

Organism Level

The entire human body, made up of all the organ systems working together to maintain life.

New cards
9

Integumentary System

Protects the body, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information (organs:skin, hair, nails).

New cards
10

Skeletal System

Provides structure, supports and protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals (organs:bones, joints).

New cards
11

Muscular System

Facilitates movement, maintains posture, and generates heat (organs:skeletal muscles, tendons).

New cards
12

Nervous System

Controls body functions, processes information, and allows communication between body parts (organs:brain, spinal cord).

New cards
13

Endocrine System

Produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and reproduction (organs:glands like thyroid, adrenal).

New cards
14

Cardiovascular System

Transports blood, nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body (organs:heart, blood vessels).

New cards
15

Respiratory System

Facilitates gas exchange and helps regulate pH balance (organs:lungs, trachea).

New cards
16

Digestive System

Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste (organs:mouth, stomach, intestines).

New cards
17

Urinary System

Eliminates waste and regulates water balance and electrolytes (organs:kidneys, bladder).

New cards
18

Reproductive System

Produces sex cells and hormones, allows for reproduction (organs:ovaries, testes).

New cards
19

Lymphatic/Immune System

Defends the body against infections and removes excess fluid (organs:lymph nodes, spleen).

New cards
20

Homeostasis

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes.

New cards
21

Negative Feedback

Reduces or opposes the initial stimulus to bring the body back to a normal state (e.g., sweating).

New cards
22

Positive Feedback

Enhances or amplifies the initial stimulus (e.g., blood clotting).

New cards
23

Cell Membrane

Phospholipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

New cards
24

Nucleus

Membrane-bound structure that acts as the control center of the cell and stores genetic information.

New cards
25

Mitochondria

Double-membrane organelle that produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

New cards
26

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis

New cards
27

Ribosomes

Small particles of RNA and proteins responsible for protein synthesis.

New cards
28

Golgi Apparatus

Stacked, membrane-bound sacs that modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for transport.

New cards
29

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound sacs of digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

New cards
30

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body, including anabolism and catabolism.

New cards
31

Anabolism

Building larger molecules from smaller ones (e.g., protein synthesis).

New cards
32

Catabolism

Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones (e.g., digestion).

New cards
33

Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells produce energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.

New cards
34

Aerobic Respiration

Requires oxygen and occurs in mitochondria.

New cards
35

Anaerobic Respiration

Does not require oxygen and produces less energy.

New cards
36

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Essential for maintaining normal cell function; key electrolytes include sodium, potassium, and calcium.

New cards
37

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Comprises the brain and spinal cord.

New cards
38

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves that extend from the CNS to the rest of the body.

New cards
39

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls involuntary functions (e.g., heart rate).

New cards
40

Anterior (Ventral)

Toward the front of the body.

New cards
41

Posterior (Dorsal)

Toward the back of the body.

New cards
42

Superior

Towards the head/upper body

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 48 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 2650 people
... ago
4.9(37)
note Note
studied byStudied by 34 people
... ago
5.0(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 76 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 55 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (162)
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (52)
studied byStudied by 31 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (109)
studied byStudied by 22 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (36)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (57)
studied byStudied by 884 people
... ago
4.4(7)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (27)
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (193)
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
5.0(2)
robot