lit midterm study guide

To speak ill of

Malign

A meeting

Encounter

Good-natured

Amiable

An enemy

Antagonist

To hold the interest of

Engrossed

Thin

Sparse

One-sized

Subjective

To refresh

Revitalized

Person, place, thing, or idea

Noun

Word used in place of one or more nouns

Pronoun

The action verb, the linking verb, and the helping verb

Verbs

A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb

Adverb

A word that expresses strong feeling or emotion

Interjection

Modifies a noun or a pronoun

Adjective

A word that links a noun or pronoun to another word in a sentence, showing place, (under the table)

Preposition

A word that connects words, phrases, clauses, and sentences

Conjunction

A word that replaces a noun or a noun phrase

Example: (he, she, it, they, you)

Pronoun

This occurs when the reader or audience understands more about the events of a story than a character

Dramatic Irony

This occurs when what actually happens is the opposite of what is expected or appropriate

Situational Irony

A character says one thing but really means the opposite

Verbal Irony

Includes an author’s induction of the characters, setting, and conflict

Exposition

Builds suspense for the climax, includes the main events and complications that occur and how the main character tries to solve the conflict

Rising action

The turning point of the story and when suspense reaches its peak

Climax

Series of events that take place AFTER the climax, which show the results of the conflict

Falling action

THE END! How the story finally ends based on the actions and decisions

Resolution

When problems or struggles occur between opposing forces and the protagonist. Conflict gives a story meaning and motivation

Conflict

Conflict within a person

Internal conflict

Conflict between someone or something else

External conflict

When a character’s struggle takes place in his/her own mind, the emotional problem is not visible or tangible

Man v self

Struggle between two characters who have opposing desires or interests: dealing with the antagonist, can be physical or mental

Man vs man

When a character struggles against some element of society or thinks differently from the norm

Man vs society

The character struggles against a force of nature such as: an animal, the weather, environmental issues, natural disaster, fire, or an illness

Man vs nature

The situation results from humans involved in a struggle with manmade machines

Man vs technology

The external conflict, is one between a character and something that is not normal in some way such as: ghosts, aliens, vampires

Man vs supernatural

Situation from a protagonist working against what has been foretold or prophesized of him/her

Man vs fate

The main character of the story, story revolves arounf him/her, could be a hero could not be, could be good could be not

Protagonist

A character or a pair of characters, a group of people, or force or presence that goes against the main (protagonist) and tries to stop him or her form achieving his/her goal

Antagonist

Not changing

Static

Internal change

Dynamic

The life lesson/meaning

Theme

The intense feeling that an audience goes through

Suspense

Literary term that is an idea/object

Motif

An author’s use of clues to prepare readers or events that will happen later in the story

Foreshadowing

Evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions

Mood

Time and place the story takes place

Setting

Long, often book length narrative that retells the heroic journey of a single person or group of people.

Epic poem

Multiple

Every single epic poem is broken down into ____ books.

24

Homer’s epics are divided into ___ books

• Contain an epic hero

• The setting is broad and includes the entire world

• Supernaturalism is a must-have of every poem

• The story is told in heightened language, meaning, uses a lot of hyperbole, similes, and metaphors to make an impression

• Morality is a key characteristic of

• The theme has universal signifcance

• Contains long formal speeches

• Invokes the Muse

• Begins “in medias res”- “it begins in the middle of things”

What are the components of an epic poem?

“Larger than life person”, undertakes a quest/journey, achieves something, great leader, has incredible physical and mental traits, overcomes great obstacles, experiences human emotions,

What is an Epic Hero?

A personality defect that contributes to the hero’s bad/unwise choices

What is tragic flaw?

His hubris- ARROGANCE/ excessive pride, disrespect for gods, vengeance, love of glory, and recklessness

What are some of Odysseus’ tragic flaws?

Death

Odysseus’ tragic flaws doesn’t lead him to his ____.

Tragic flaws

Odysseus does not die because of his ____ _____.

20

Odysseus is away from home for __ years

10

He was fighting in the Trojan war for __ years trying to go home to Ithaca, Greece

Homer

Who wrote the Odyssey

Giving non-humans or abstract ideas, human qualities

Personification

Oxymoron

“Act naturally” is an example of what?

Imagery

“I scooped a handful of fluffy, crunchy, butter-drenched popcorn” is an example of?

Allusion

Your yard is a “garden of Eden” is an example of what figure of speech?

Idiom

Up the creek without a paddle is a?

Simile

What is this, tough as nails?

The repetition of sounds, usually at the beginnings of words, as in tongue twisters

Alliteration

Words that imitate sounds

Onomatopoeia

Extreme exaggeration usually for humorous effect.

Hyperbole

A direct comparison between unlike things with similar qualities, not using “like” or “as”

Metaphor

The emotion of a poem

Mood

The narrator’s attitude toward the subject of the poem

Tone

Verbal irony

It’s as clear as mud, is an example of…

The choice and use of words and phrases

Diction

Idiom

What is this an example of.. up the creek without a paddle?

Imagery

What is this an example of.. “i scooped a handful of fluffy, crunchy, butter-drenched popcorn”

Alliteration

What is this an example of.. “Sally sells sea shells?

Simile

What is this an example of.. “Tough as nails”

The action of repeating something that has already been said

Repetition

He deliberately sets traps, like a false channel with jagged rocks.

Why is General Zaroff’s island called Ship-Trap island?

By rigging Ship Trap Island with lights to lure ships into a false channel, causing them to wreck on the island’s jagged rocks.

How does General Zaroff get his victims?

He grew bored with his predictable nature of animal prey

Why did General Zaroff stop hunting animals?

The animal he hunts must have courage and cunning, his background in hunting and the military is courage, and the animal must have reason.

According to General Zaroff, what are the 3 reasons why a person is the “ideal” animal to hunt?

Rainsford said “i wish to leave this island at once”

What happens to Rainsford when he refuses to hunt with General Zaroff?

He tried to get Rainsford to change him mind and said you and I are going to hunt together and Rainsford said no.

What does General Zaroff threaten in general to anyone who does not want to participate in the game?

General Zaroff gave them 3 days, some supplies and a head start

Explain the details of General Zaroff’s game.

He wanted to make the game more exciting because the challenge was too easy for him

Why did General Zaroff smile and let Rainsford go to the first night despite knowing where Rainsford was hiding?

Maylay Man-Catcher, General Zaroff hurt his shoulder

What is the first trap that Rainsford sets for General Zaroff?

Burmese tiger pit, caught the dog

What is the second trap Rainsford sets for General Zaroff?

The Ugandan Spring Trap, a sapling with a knife attached to it that springs forward.

What is the third trap Rainsford sets for General Zaroff?

dynamic

Rainsford is definitely a _____ character.

What it feels to be haunted

What does Rainsford learn from his experience at Ship-Trap Island?

A complex antagonist characterized by his refinement, cruelty, and a self-absorbes God complex

What kind of character is General Zaroff?

Man vs. Man

Rainsford, Ivan and General Zaroff are…

Man vs. Nature

Quicksand and dog are…

Man vs. Fate

Ivan’s death

Man vs. Self

Rainsford is struggling with fear

Man vs. Technology

Getting people on the boat, he set up a trap

Man vs. Society

The way that they are hunting people are..

General Zaroff, and his servent Ivan

List all of the antagonists in the story.

Rainsford has successfully killed General Zaroff and taken his place as the chateau

The last line of the story reads, “He had never slept in a better bed, Rainsford decided.” What has happened? How has the story ended?

Survival and escape from Ship-Trap Island

What are all of Rainsford’s motives throughout the story?

Rainsford, a hunter who despises the idea feeling fear, General Zaroff, a “civilized” aristocrat practicing barbaric murder, and Rainsford’s final transformation into a hunter, turning the tables on Zaroff.

What are the 3 ironies in the story?