Pharm 1- Vaccine

the administration of a vaccine

vaccination

the induction or provision of immunity by any means, active or passive

immunization

evolved to discriminate self from non self

immune system

adaptive, or learned immunity is _____ specific

antigen

_____ immune system most active early in an immune response and ______ immunity becoming progressively dominant over time

innate, adaptive

complement, mast cells, basophils etc are major effectors of ______ immunity

innate

B and T lymphocytes- B makes antibodys, T function as helper, cytolyic, and regulatory cells are major effectors of ______

adaptive immunity

important in the normal immune response to infection and tumors, but also mediate transplant rejection and autoimmunity

innate and adaptive immunity

a response that includes a latent period of several days before immune response can be detected

primary response

Although the immune system is rapidly activated, it takes ______ days for lymphocytes to produce enough antibody to be detected in the circulation

7-10

Primarily _____ antibodies are seen initially are rapidly produced but have only a low affinity for the antigen

IgM

After the first week, high affinity ____ antibodies begin to be produced in quantity

IgG

response is stronger and faster humoral or cell mediated responses elicited by a second exposure to the same antigen (why vaccines in sequence for more robust response)

secondary response

response that depends on immunologic memory induced by the primary exposure

secondary response

characterized by a marked proliferation of IgG antibody producing B lymphocytes and or effector T cells (more robust reaction)

secondary response

a secondary response can be detectable within ____ of a booster dose

days

the transition from antibody negative to antibody positive status is called

seroconversion

does not necessarily correlate with protection unless serum antibody levels achi9eved are sufficient

seroconversion

indirect protection of unvaccinated individuals

herd immunity

the less the percentage of susceptible persons within a population thus the less possibility of infection transmission to others

herd immunity

infectious organisms can no longer circulate freely among the remaining susceptibles

herd immunity

the indirect protection of unvaccinated (nonimmune) persons is called the ______ effect

herd immunity

consists of transfer of immunity to a host using preformed immunologic agents (only immunoglobulins and have to pull from plasma)

passive immunization

immunization with antibodies from animal or human immunoglobulins may contain high titers of antibodies directed against a specific antigen or pooled antibodies commonly found in most of the population

passive immunization

can be useful for individuals unable to form antibodies, prevention of disease when time does not permit active immunization (post exposure), treatment of certain diseases normally prevented by immunizations (tetanus), treatment of conditions for which active immunization is unavailable or impractical (snakebite)

passive immunization

administration of the antigen to the host to induce formation of antibodies and cell mediated immunity

active immunization

induces protection against infectious agents, using either inactivated or live attenuated agents (weakened virus)

active immunization

generally preferable to passive immunization as higher antibody levels that are sustained for longer periods of time, requires less frequent immunization, development of concurrent cell mediated immunity)

active immunization

requires time to develop and is generally inactive at the time of specific exposure

Active immunization

provide VIS by federal law with edition date and the date the vaccine was administered

providers responsibiility

severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) after previous dose, immunocompromised (live vaccines) identified medical conditions related to specific vaccines (guillen barre)

vaccine contraindications

CDC Health information for international travel can be found in the

CDC Yellow Book

visit PCP or a travel medicine provider at least ______ prior to traveling, may need series of vaccines

4-6 weeks

diagnosed via stained blood, sx of high fever, flu like sx, onset typically 10 days to 4 weeks after infection

malaria

vectorborne transmission via mosquito, non human and human primates main reservoirs, preventable by effective vaccine (live attenuated)

yellow fever

incubation period 3-6 days, abrupt onset HA and fever, renal insufficiency CV instability, and multisystem organ failure, NO specific antiviral tx exists so prevention is the key

yellow fever