us history - topic 4

imperialism

policy by which stronger nations extend their political, economic, and military control over weaker territories

extractive economy

colonial economics based on an imperialist nation extracting or removing raw materials

Alfred T. Mahan

naval historian who advocated for naval power as the basis for a great nation; urged the U.S. to build a modern fleet

Frederick J. Turner

historian who noted the closure of the American frontier; his ideas were used by others to urgent U.S. overseas expansion

Matthew Perry

U.S. naval commander who sailed a fleet into Tokyo Bay and opened trade with Japan in 1853

Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaiian monarch dethroned in 1893 by rebel Americans planters in an action backed by U.S. Marines

Jose Marti

Cuban patriot who launched a war for independence from Spain in 1895

William Randolph Hearst

owner of the New York Journal who, a long with Joseph Pulitzer, started the Yellow Press

Joseph Pulitzer

publisher of the New York World who co-founded the Yellow Press with William Randolph Hearst

Yellow Press

sensationalized and exaggerated reporting on Spanish atrocities in Cuba

jingoism

aggressive nationalism

George Dewey

commodore of the U.S. squadron that destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay

Emilio Aguinaldo

leader of Filipino nationalists who defeated the Spanish Army

Rough Riders

volunteer cavalry unit assembled by Theodore Roosevelt, famous for their 1898 charge at San Juan Hill

Treaty of Paris

ended the Spanish-American War and included U.S. acquisition of Puerto Rico and the purchase of the Philippines

Teller Amendment

stipulated that the U.S. would not annex Cuba

Platt Amendment

Stipulated U.S. control over Cuban internal, external, and economic affaris

insurrection

a rebellion or revolt

guerrilla warfare

form of non-traditional warfare, generally by small bands of fighters

sphere of influence

zones in China that gave European powers exclusive access to commerce

John Hay

US secretary of state who asserted the Open Door Policy in China

boxer rebellion

1900 revolt by secret chinese societies against outside influences

open door policy

secretary of state John Hay’s policy of opposing European colonies and spheres of influence in China

Russo-Japanese War

war launched by Japan in 1904 to remove Russian influence in China; settled by Theodore Roosevelt in the Treaty of Portsmouth

gentlemen’s agreement

allowed Japanese children to attend public schools with whites in California while Japan agreed to limit emigration to the US

Great White Fleet

1907 world cruise by an armada of US battleships to demonstrate American naval strength

William Howard Taft

future president, appointed governor of the Philippines in 1901

Foraker Act

established civil government in Puerto Rico with an appointed governor

Platt Amendment

addendum to Cuba’s constitution restricting Cuba’s independence from the United States

“Big Stick” Diplomacy

Theodore Roosevelt’s approach to international relations that depended on a strong military to achieve its aims

Panama Canal

waterway dug across Panama to shorten the trip between the Atlantic and the Pacific

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt’s addition to the Monroe Doctrine, which stated that the U.S. would intervene in Latin America in order to prevent European intervention

Dollar Diplomacy

President Taft’s policy to encourage investment rather than use force in Latin America

Moral Diplomacy

President Wilson’s policy to encourage human rights and opportunity rather than act in our own self-interest in Latin America