CARL ROGERS - SELF ACTUALIZATION THEORY

Flashcards based on Carl Rogers' Person-Centered Therapy lecture notes.

Where and when was Carl Rogers born?

1902 in Oak Park, Illinois

What kind of values did Carl Rogers' parents instill in him?

Strict religious views, emphasis on moral behavior, suppression of emotion, and hard work.

Why did Carl Rogers read incessantly as a child?

To escape loneliness.

Where was the international Christian student conference that greatly impacted Carl Rogers?

Beijing, China

What seminary did Carl Rogers initially enroll in after graduating from the University of Wisconsin?

Union Theological Seminary

Where did Carl Rogers transfer to study clinical and educational psychology?

Teachers College of Columbia University

In what year did Carl Rogers receive his Ph.D.?

1931

Where did Carl Rogers work after receiving his Ph.D.?

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in Rochester, New York

Where did Carl Rogers work as a professor in psychology?

Ohio State University

At which University did Carl Rogers teach and develop the Counseling Center from 1945 to 1957?

University of Chicago

Where did Carl Rogers become a resident fellow in 1964?

Western Behavioral Sciences Institute in California

In what year did Carl Rogers serve as president of the American Psychological Association?

1946

What was Person-Centered Therapy initially known as?

Non-directive/client-centered therapy

According to person-centered therapy, where is the ability to change and improve personality located?

Within the person.

What is the therapist's role in person-centered therapy?

To assist or facilitate change.

What is the individual's ultimate goal, according to Rogers?

To actualize the self.

What term describes the tendency for all matter to evolve from simpler to more complex forms?

Formative Tendency

What is the actualizing tendency?

To move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials.

What are examples of maintenance needs?

Food, air, and safety, and the tendency to resist change.

What are examples of expressions of enhancement?

Curiosity, playfulness, self-exploration, and friendship

What is self-understanding?

Acceptance of self and reality.

What is the basic human motivation related to the self?

To maintain, enhance, and actualize the self.

What process do we use to judge experiences in terms of their value for fostering or hindering our actualization and growth?

Organismic Valuing Process

How do we evaluate experiences perceived as promoting actualization?

Assigning them a positive value.

How do these perceptions influence behavior?

We prefer to avoid undesirable experiences and repeat desirable experiences.

What does the experiential world provide?

Frame of reference or context.

What does the reality of our environment depend on?

Our perception of it.

What is the term for the subjective world of experience, our inner perception of reality?

Phenomenology

According to Rogers, what is the highest authority?

Experience

What are the components of the Self/Self-Concept?

I, me, and myself.

What is the need for acceptance, love, and approval from others called?

Positive Self-Regard

How can the need for positive regard be described?

Universal and persistent.

What does Unconditional Positive Regard mean?

Granted regardless of a person’s behavior.

What is the condition under which we grant ourselves acceptance and approval?

Positive Self-Regard

What are Conditions of Worth?

belief that we are worthy of approval only when we express desirable behaviors and attitudes.

What is approval granted only when a person expresses desirable behaviors and attitudes?

Conditional Positive Self-Regard

What exists when a person’s organismic experiences are matched by an awareness of them and an ability to express these feelings?

Congruence

What does it mean to be congruent?

To be real or genuine, to be whole or integrated.

What is a discrepancy between a person’s self-concept and aspects of their experience?

Incongruence

What is Rogers's term for fully functioning persons?

Self-actualization, developing all facets of the self.

What are the characteristics of fully functioning persons?

Aware of all experience, living fully in every moment, trusting in their organism, free to make choices, creative and adaptive.

Which therapy explores the client's feelings and attitudes toward the self and others?

Person-Centered Therapy

What group therapy technique helps people learn about their feelings and how they relate to one another?

Encounter Groups

What does the condition of facing difficulties involve for a fully functioning person?

Continually testing, growing, striving, and using all of one's potential.

What happens during person-centered therapy?

The therapist explores the client's feelings and attitudes toward the self and toward other people.

What are the dimensions of view on human nature relevant to Rogers's theory?

Free will versus determinism, social versus biological, present versus past, optimism versus pessimism, progressive versus regressive.

How are current feelings and emotions related to personality?

The current feelings and emotions have a greater impact on personality

Where is the ability to change personality centered?

The ability to change and improve personality is centered within the person.

What is Organismic Valuing process?

The process by which we judge experiences in terms of their value for fostering or hindering our actualization and growth

When did Rogers become a resident fellow at the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute in California?

1964