A & P exam 2: adaptive immunity

adaptive immunity

immunity or resistance to a specific pathogen

b cells

produce antibodies

t cells

attack infected cells in the body

passive immunity

uses someone else's antibodies

passive immunity made via

placenta, breast milk, injection

active immunity

make your own antibodies (b and t cells)

active immunity made via

vaccine, or if infected

to activate a b-cell, you need (2 things)

need to be in spleen, lymph node, or tonsil (lymphatic tissue); need antigen-presenting cell

antigen-presenting cells trigger immune response by

presenting what it killed (pieces of antigens) to t-cells; macrophages

step 1: when entering a cell, the b cell asks

does this piece match my antibody

step 2: if a piece matches the b-cell's antibody, b-cell asks

is the other cell displaying a "danger" signal

if the piece matches the b-cell's antibody and is displaying a danger signal, the b-cell

activates and clones itself (mitosis); becomes mature form

results of activated b-cells (1)

memory b-cell

results of activated b-cells (2)

active b-cell: makes and releases antibodies to the fluids; help w/complement and so forth

results of activated b-cells (3)

activated b-cell interacts w/helper t-cell: makes the b-cell a super active plasma cell

plasma cells

make tons of antibodies; die young

t-cell activation occurs when

an antigen-presenting cell (macrophage) displays an antigen on an MCH protein (allows t-cells to recognize threat)

inactive t-cells become active if

antigen matches antibody and antigen-presenting cell is displaying a "danger" flag

when t-cells activate, they

clone (make many copies)

mature forms of t-cells

helper t-cell and memory t-cell

helper t-cell (CD4)

help b-cells become plasma cells, increase activity of other WBCs, increase # of killer t-cells (which amplify immune response)

memory t-cells

active after 2nd exposure

killer t-cells, or cytotoxic t-cells (CD8)

stab and kill germ/infected cells

basophils recruit _____ to an inflammation site

macrophages