social

What is meant by The Gilded Age?

A period in U.S. history marked by rapid economic growth and social change, often characterized by political corruption.

What is laissez-faire?

An economic policy of non-interference by the government in business affairs.

Who typically voted Republican?

Mainly Northern whites and some African Americans.

Who typically voted Democrat?

Mainly white Southerners and immigrants.

In 1880, what caused the split in the Republican Party?

The dispute over patronage and the growing divide between the Stalwarts and Half-Breeds.

What did the Pendleton Civil Service Act do?

Created a Civil Service Commission to oversee the hiring of federal employees and reduce patronage.

Who was the President in 1884?

Grover Cleveland.

What was Munn v. Illinois?

A Supreme Court case ruling that states can regulate certain businesses.

What group was pressured to increase school funding and lengthen the school year?

Progressive reformers.

What was the impact of education on immigrants?

It provided opportunities for social mobility and integration into American society.

Why did women have a difficult time obtaining a college education?

Societal norms and expectations limited access to higher education for women.

Who was Booker T. Washington and what was his Atlanta Compromise?

A prominent African American leader who advocated for vocational education and economic progress over political rights.

What was the Niagara Movement?

A civil rights organization founded by W.E.B. Du Bois to advocate for full civil rights and opposition to Booker T. Washington's approach.

What did newspapers provide during this era?

Information, entertainment, and an avenue for political influence.

Who was Horatio Alger?

An author known for his novels about impoverished boys and their rise to middle-class security through hard work and determination.

Where were most immigrants in the 1890s coming from?

Southern and Eastern Europe.

Why did many African Americans move North post-Reconstruction and what did they experience?

They sought better economic opportunities and escape from Jim Crow laws, but often faced discrimination in the North.

What did the NAACP demonstrate to African Americans?

The importance of organization and legal challenges in the fight against racial discrimination.

What leisure activity was most popular among urban women in the late 1880s?

Participating in social clubs and cultural events.

What was the Credit Mobilier Scandal?

A major political scandal involving the Union Pacific Railroad and accusations of bribery among Congress members.

How did people feel about education in the Gilded Age?

Generally supportive, as education was seen as a means to progress and improve society.

Who was Thomas Edison?

An inventor known for his work on the electric light bulb and phonograph.

Who was George Washington Carver?

An agricultural scientist and inventor known for his work with peanuts and crop rotation.

Who was Mark Twain?

A writer and humorist known for his novels, including The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Who was Adam Smith?

An economist known as the father of modern economics and author of The Wealth of Nations.

Who was Rutherford B. Hayes?

The 19th President of the United States who ended Reconstruction.

Who was James Blaine?

A Republican politician, served as Secretary of State and was a candidate for the presidency.

Who was Charles Guiteau?

The man who assassinated President James Garfield.

Who was James Naismith?

The inventor of basketball.

Who was Margaret Sanger?

An activist who advocated for birth control and women's reproductive rights.

Who was John Rockefeller?

An industrialist and co-founder of the Standard Oil Company.

Who was W.E.B. DuBois?

A civil rights activist and co-founder of the NAACP.

Who was Charles Chaplin?

An actor and filmmaker known for his work in silent films, particularly The Tramp.

Who was Upton Sinclair?

A novelist and social reformer known for his book The Jungle, which exposed conditions in the meatpacking industry.

Who was Alexander Crummell?

An African American scholar and activist who worked for the advancement of black education.

Laissez-faire

Government should not interfere in private business.

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Created a Civil Service Commission.

Munn v. Illinois

States can regulate certain businesses.

Interstate Commerce Commission

Regulated railroads.

Atlanta Compromise

Instructed African Americans to put aside their desire for political equality.

Niagara Movement

African Americans had to step forward to lead their people.

Jim Crow Laws

Statutes that required segregation.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court decision that upheld segregation as legal.

NAACP

Founded to abolish segregation.

De Facto Segregation

Separation caused by social conditions.

civil service

government non elected workers

steerage

open area where ships docked

Ghetto

area of ethnic groups

suburb

residential community around city

tenement

low cost apartment

dumbbell tenement

area in tenement that allows light flow in

political machine

city designed to stay in power

literacy

ability to read and write

settlement house

community center to provide service for poor

nativism

favor to native born

prohibition

ban on alcohol

assimilation

combination of two cultures

yellow journalism

news coverage emphasizing crime

poll tax

tax on voting

rural trade

farmers get free delivery

rote

to memorize

vaudeville

show in 1870’s

segregation

forced separation